Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova-Benois |

Maria Kuznetsova-Benois

Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova - Rasha opera singer (soprano) kuma dancer, daya daga cikin shahararrun mawaka na pre-juyi Rasha. Jagoran soloist na Mariinsky Theater, ɗan takara na Sergei Diaghilev na Rasha Seasons. Ta yi aiki tare da NA Rimsky-Korsakov, Richard Strauss, Jules Massenet, rera waka tare da Fyodor Chaliapin da Leonid Sobinov. Bayan barin Rasha bayan 1917, ta ci gaba da yin nasara a kasashen waje.

Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova aka haife shi a 1880 a Odessa. Maria girma a cikin wani m da hankali yanayi, mahaifinta Nikolai Kuznetsov - artist, da kuma mahaifiyarta zo daga Mechnikov iyali, Maria kawunninka - Nobel laureate ilmin halitta Ilya Mechnikov da zamantakewa Lev Mechnikov. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ya ziyarci gidan Kuznetsovs, wanda ya kusantar da hankali ga basirar mawaƙa na gaba kuma ya tsara mata waƙoƙin yara, tun daga ƙuruciya Maria ta yi mafarkin zama dan wasan kwaikwayo.

Iyayenta sun aika da ita wani dakin motsa jiki a Switzerland, ta dawo Rasha, ta yi karatun wasan ballet a St. Kowa ya lura da ita tsantsar kyawun soprano na lyrical, gwaninta mai iya gani a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da kyawun mata. Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky ya bayyana ta a matsayin "... wani soprano mai ban mamaki wanda za a iya gani kuma a saurare shi tare da sha'awa iri ɗaya."

A 1904, Maria Kuznetsova ta fara halarta a karon a kan mataki na St. Petersburg Conservatory a matsayin Tatyana a Tchaikovsky ta Eugene Onegin, da kuma a mataki na Mariinsky Theater a 1905 a matsayin Marguerite a Gounod ta Faust. Soloist na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky, tare da ɗan gajeren hutu, Kuznetsova ya kasance har zuwa juyin juya halin 1917. A 1905, an saki rikodin gramophone guda biyu tare da rikodin ayyukanta a St. Petersburg, kuma a cikin duka ta yi rikodin 36 a lokacin aikinta.

Da zarar, a cikin 1905, jim kadan bayan Kuznetsova ta halarta a karon a Mariinsky, a lokacin da ta yi a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wani rikici ya barke tsakanin dalibai da jami'ai, halin da ake ciki a kasar ya kasance juyin juya hali, da kuma tsoro ya fara a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Maria Kuznetsova ta katse Elsa's aria daga R. Wagner's "Lohengrin" kuma cikin nutsuwa ta rera taken Rasha "Allah Ceton Tsar", an tilasta masu buzzers su dakatar da jayayya kuma masu sauraro sun kwantar da hankali, wasan ya ci gaba.

Miji na farko na Maria Kuznetsova shine Albert Albertovich Benois, daga sanannun daular Rasha, masu fasaha, masana tarihi Benois. A farkon aikinta, Maria an san shi a ƙarƙashin sunan mai suna Kuznetsova-Benoit. A cikin aure na biyu, Maria Kuznetsova ya yi aure da Bogdanov mai sana'a, a cikin na uku - ga ma'aikacin banki da masana'antu Alfred Massenet, ɗan'uwan sanannen mawaki Jules Massenet.

A cikin aikinta, Kuznetsova-Benois ta shiga cikin wasannin opera da yawa na Turai, gami da sassan Fevronia a cikin Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh da Maiden Fevronia da Cleopatra daga opera iri ɗaya da J. Massenet, wanda mawakin ya rubuta mata musamman. Har ila yau, a mataki na Rasha, ta gabatar da ayyukan Woglinda a karon farko a cikin R. Gold na Rhine na R. Wagner, Cio-Cio-san a Madama Butterfly na G. Puccini da sauransu. Ta zagaya garuruwan Rasha, Faransa, Burtaniya, Jamus, Italiya, Amurka da sauran kasashe tare da Kamfanin Mariinsky Opera.

Daga cikin mafi kyawun matsayinta: Antonida ("Life for the Tsar" na M. Glinka), Lyudmila ("Ruslan da Lyudmila" na M. Glinka), Olga ("Mermaid" na A. Dargomyzhsky), Masha ("Dubrovsky" na E. Napravnik), Oksana ("Cherevichki" na P. Tchaikovsky), Tatiana ("Eugene Onegin" na P. Tchaikovsky), Kupava ("The Snow Maiden" na N. Rimsky-Korsakov), Juliet ("Romeo da Juliet" ta. Ch. Gounod), Carmen ("Carmen" Zh Bizet), Manon Lescaut ("Manon" na J. Massenet), Violetta ("La Traviata" na G. Verdi), Elsa ("Lohengrin" na R. Wagner) da sauransu. .

A 1914, Kuznetsova na dan lokaci bar Mariinsky Theater da kuma tare da Rasha Ballet na Sergei Diaghilev yi a Paris da kuma London a matsayin ballerina, da kuma wani partially goyon bayan su yi. Ta yi rawa a cikin ballet "The Legend of Joseph" na Richard Strauss, taurarin lokacinsu sun shirya ballet - mawaki kuma shugaba Richard Strauss, darektan Sergei Diaghilev, mawaƙa Mikhail Fokin, kayayyaki da shimfidar wurare Lev Bakst, babban dan wasan rawa Leonid Myasin. . Ya kasance muhimmiyar rawa da kamfani mai kyau, amma daga farkon samarwa ya fuskanci wasu matsaloli: akwai ɗan lokaci kaɗan don maimaitawa, Strauss yana cikin mummunan yanayi, kamar yadda bako ballerinas Ida Rubinstein da Lydia Sokolova suka ƙi shiga, kuma Strauss ya yi. Ba ya son yin aiki tare da mawaƙa na Faransanci kuma yana jayayya da ƙungiyar mawaƙa, kuma Diaghilev ya damu game da tashi daga dan wasan Vaslav Nijinsky daga ƙungiyar. Duk da matsalolin da ke bayan fage, wasan ballet ya yi nasara cikin nasara a London da Paris. Bugu da ƙari, gwada hannunta a ballet, Kuznetsova ya yi wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, ciki har da samar da Borodin na Prince Igor a London.

Bayan juyin juya hali a 1918, Maria Kuznetsova bar Rasha. Kamar yadda ya dace da ƴar wasan kwaikwayo, ta yi shi cikin ƙawa mai ban mamaki - sanye da kayan ɗaki, tana ɓoye a ƙasan bene na jirgin da ke kan hanyar zuwa Sweden. Ta zama mawaƙin opera a opera na Stockholm, sannan a Copenhagen sannan a Royal Opera House, Covent Garden a London. Duk wannan lokacin ta zo Paris kullum, kuma a cikin 1921 ta ƙarshe ta zauna a Paris, wanda ya zama gidanta na biyu.

A cikin 1920s Kuznetsova ta shirya kide-kide na sirri inda ta rera Rasha, Faransanci, Sipaniya da waƙoƙin gypsy, soyayya da wasan operas. A waɗannan wasannin kide-kide, ta kan yi rawa da raye-rayen jama'ar Spain da flamenco. Wasu daga cikin wasanninta na sadaka ne don taimakawa mabukata hijirar Rasha. Ta zama tauraruwar wasan opera ta Paris, an yarda da ita a cikin salonta a matsayin babban abin alfahari. "Launi na al'umma", ministoci da masana'antu sun taru a gabanta. Baya ga wasannin kade-kade masu zaman kansu, ta sha yin aiki a matsayin ’yar solo a yawancin gidajen opera a Turai, ciki har da na Covent Garden da a Paris Opera da Opéra Comique.

A 1927, Maria Kuznetsova, tare da Prince Alexei Tsereteli da Baritone Mikhail Karakash, sun shirya wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na Opera a birnin Paris, inda suka gayyaci mawakan opera da dama na Rasha da suka bar Rasha. Opera ta Rasha ta shirya Sadko, Tale of Tsar Saltan, Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia, The Sorochinskaya Fair da sauran operas da ballets na Rasha mawakan da aka yi a London, Paris, Barcelona, ​​​​Madrid, Milan kuma a Buenos Aires mai nisa. Opera na Rasha ya kasance har zuwa 1933.

Maria Kuznetsova ta mutu Afrilu 25, 1966 a Paris, Faransa.