Jacques Ibert (Jacques Ibert) |

Jack Ibert

Jacques Ibert (cikakken suna Jacques Francois Antoine Ibert, 15 ga Agusta, 1890, Paris – 5 ga Fabrairu, 1962, Paris) mawaƙin Faransa ne.

An haifi Iber ga Antoine Ibert, dan kasuwa, da Marguerite Lartigue, dan uwan ​​​​na biyu na Manuel de Falla. Yana dan shekara hudu, ya fara koyon wasan violin da piano a karkashin jagorancin mahaifiyarsa. Lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha biyu, ya karanta littafin jituwa na Reber da Dubois, ya fara tsara ƙananan waltzes da waƙoƙi. Bayan ya tashi daga makaranta, ya samu aiki a matsayin manajan sito don taimaki mahaifinsa, wanda kasuwancinsa a lokacin ba ya samun nasara sosai. A asirce daga iyayensa, ya yi karatun solfeggio da ka'idar kiɗa a asirce, sannan kuma ya halarci azuzuwan wasan kwaikwayo na Paul Moonet. Mune ya shawarci matashin da ya zabi sana’a a matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo, amma iyayen Iber ba su goyi bayan wannan ra’ayin ba, kuma ya yanke shawarar sadaukar da kansa gaba daya ga waka.

A cikin 1910, bisa shawarar Manuel de Falla, Iber ya yi amfani da Conservatoire na Paris kuma an shigar da shi a matsayin "mai sauraro", kuma bayan shekara guda - don cikakken horo a cikin azuzuwan counterpoint André Gedalge, jituwa - Emile Pessar , abun da ke ciki da kuma ƙungiyar makaɗa - Paul Vidal. Daga cikin abokan karatunsa akwai shahararrun mawaƙa Arthur Honegger da Darius Milhaud na gaba. Ibert ya yi rayuwa yana ba da darussa na sirri, yana kunna piano a cikin gidajen sinima na Montmartre, da tsara waƙoƙi da raye-raye (wasu daga cikinsu an buga su ƙarƙashin sunan William Bertie).

Tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Iber, wanda bai dace da aikin soja ba saboda dalilai na kiwon lafiya, duk da haka ya tafi gaba a cikin Nuwamba 1914 a matsayin tsari. A shekara ta 1916, ya kamu da ciwon typhus kuma aka tilasta masa komawa baya. Na ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya shiga ƙungiyar New Young composers wanda Eric Satie ya kirkira kuma yana shiga cikin kide-kide da yawa tare da Georges Auric, Louis Duray da Arthur Honegger. Bayan shekara guda, Iber ya shiga aikin sojan ruwa, inda nan da nan ya sami mukamin hafsa kuma ya yi aiki a Dunkirk na shekaru da yawa. A watan Oktoba 1919, ba tukuna demobilized Iber dauki bangare a gasar ga Roma Prize tare da cantata "The Poet da Fairy" da kuma nan da nan ya karbi Grand Prix, wanda ya ba shi damar rayuwa a Roma shekaru uku. A wannan shekarar, Ibert ya auri Rosette Weber, 'yar mai zane Jean Weber. A cikin Fabrairu 1920, ma'auratan sun koma Roma, inda marubucin ya rubuta babban aikin farko na ƙungiyar makaɗa - "The Ballad of Reading Prison" bisa waƙar wannan suna ta Oscar Wilde. Lokacin kirkirar Roman ya hada da wasan opera "Perseus da Andromeda", suites "Tarihi" na piano da "Tashar jiragen ruwa" na makada. Kawai ci gaba da motsi da kuma daidaitaccen daidaituwa ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin 1920 mai sukar kiɗan Henri Collet, "ƙidaya" matasa mawaƙa, bai haɗa da Jacques Ibert ba a cikin sanannen rukuni na "Shida".

A 1923, mawaki ya koma Paris, inda ya kasance mai aiki a matsayin mawaki, kuma ya koyar da kade-kade a Universal School. Shekaru uku bayan haka, Iber ya sayi wani gida na ƙarni na XNUMX a Normandy, inda yake ciyar da watanni da yawa a shekara, yana so ya rabu da tashin hankali na birni. A cikin wannan gidan, zai ƙirƙira mafi shahararsa: Divertimento for Orchestra, opera King Yveto, Ballet Knight Errant da sauransu.

Shekarar 1927 ta kasance alama ta bayyanar opera "Angelica", wanda aka yi a Paris kuma ya kawo shaharar marubucinta a duniya. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Iber yayi aiki da yawa akan kiɗa don shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai, daga cikinsu akwai Don Quixote (1932) tare da Fyodor Chaliapin a cikin rawar take. Mawaƙin ya kuma ƙirƙira wasu ayyukan ƙungiyar kade-kade, ciki har da Sea Symphony, wanda bisa ga wasiyyarsa, ba za a yi shi ba har sai mutuwarsa.

A cikin 1933-1936, Iber ya rubuta Concerto Flute Concerto da Chamber Concertino don Saxophone, da kuma manyan ballets guda biyu tare da waƙa (wanda Ida Rubinstein ya ba da izini): Diana na Poitiers da Knight Errant. Ya gudanar da babban balaguron balaguro a Turai, yana yin ayyukansa a matsayin jagora, ya jagoranci samar da farko na "King Yveto" a Düsseldorf. Tare da Honegger, ana ƙirƙirar opera “Eaglet”.

A 1937, Iber samu mukamin darektan Faransa Academy a Roma (a karo na farko tun 1666 da aka nada wani mawaki a kan wannan matsayi). Ya sake juya zuwa aikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Honegger: operetta "Baby Cardinal", wanda aka yi a Paris, ya kasance babban nasara.

Daga farkon yakin duniya na biyu, Ibert ya yi aiki a matsayin hadimin sojan ruwa a ofishin jakadancin Faransa da ke Roma. Ranar 10 ga Yuni, Italiya ta shiga yakin, kuma washegari, Iber da iyalinsa sun bar Roma a cikin jirgin kasa na diplomasiyya.

A watan Agustan 1940, Ibert aka sallame shi, ta wata doka ta musamman na gwamnatin Vichy, an share sunansa daga jerin jami'an sojan ruwa, kuma an haramta ayyukansa. A cikin shekaru hudu masu zuwa, Iber ya rayu a cikin wani yanki na shari'a, ya ci gaba da rubutawa (a cikin 1942 ya sauke karatu daga String Quartet, wanda ya fara shekaru biyar a baya). A cikin Oktoba 1942, Iber ya yi tafiya zuwa Switzerland, inda ya fara samun matsalolin lafiya mai tsanani (sepsis).

Bayan 'yanci na Paris a watan Agusta 1944, Ibert ya koma Faransa. Daga 1945 zuwa 1947 mawakin ya sake jagorantar Kwalejin Faransa a Roma. Iber ya sake rubuta kiɗa don shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai, ballets, yana gudanar da nasa abubuwan.

Tun daga 1950s Iber ya fara fuskantar matsaloli tare da tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, wanda ya tilasta masa daina yin wasan kwaikwayo da koyarwa. A cikin 1960 mawaki ya tashi daga Roma zuwa Paris.

Iber ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 1962 daga bugun zuciya. A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, ya yi aiki a kan Symphony na Biyu, wanda bai ƙare ba. An binne mawakin a makabartar Passy.

Ayyukan Iber sun haɗu da abubuwan neoclassical da abubuwan ban sha'awa: tsabta da jituwa na nau'i, 'yanci na melodic, m rhythm, kayan aiki masu launi. Iber ƙwararren masani ne na karkatar da kiɗa, abin dariya.

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

wasan kwaikwayo – Perseus da Andromeda (1923 post. 1929, tr “Grand Opera”, Paris), Gonzago (1929, Monte Carlo; 1935, tr “Opera comic”, Paris), King Yveto (1930, trp “Opera Comic”, Paris), Eaglet (dangane da wasan kwaikwayon sunan guda na E. Rostand, tare da A. Honegger, 1937, Monte Carlo); ballet - Haɗuwa (an ƙirƙira maki akan tushen piano suite, 1925, Grand Opera, Paris), Diane de Poitiers (choreography na M. Fokine, 1934, ibid.), Ƙaunar Kasadar Jupiter (1946, “Tr Champs) Elysees, Paris), Knight Errant (dangane da Cervantes'Don Quixote, kiɗa daga fim ɗin Don Quixote, choreography na S. Lifar, 1950, Grand Opera, Paris), Triumph of Chastity (1955, Chicago); operetta - Cardinal Baby (tare da Honegger, 1938, tr "Buff-Parisien", Paris); na soloists, mawaƙa da makaɗa - cantata (1919), Elizabethan suite (1944); don makada - Kirsimeti a Picardy (1914), Harbors (3 zane-zane na symphonic: Rome - Palermo, Tunisia - Nephia, Valencia, 1922), Enchanting Scherzo (1925), Divertimento (1930), Suite Paris (1932), Festive Overture (1942) , Orgy (1956); don kayan aiki da makada - Concerto symphony (na oboe da kirtani, 1948), concertos (na sarewa, 1934; ga kyarkeci da iska kayan, 1925), Chamber concertino (na saxophone, 1935); dakin kayan aiki ensembles - uku (don skr., wlch. da garaya, 1940), kirtani quartet (1943), quintet iska, da dai sauransu; guda don piano, gaba, guitar; waƙoƙi; kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo - "The Straw Hat" na Labish (1929), "July 14" na Rolland (tare da sauran Faransa composers, 1936), "A Midsummer Night's Dream" na Shakespeare (1942), da dai sauransu .; kiɗa don fina-finai, ciki har da. Don Quixote (tare da halartar FI Chaliapin); kiɗa don nunin rediyo - Bala'in Doctor Faust (1942), Bluebeard (1943), da sauransu.