Yadda za a zabi mandolin

Mandolin da igiya ce tsiro kayan aikin dangin lute. Mandolin na Neapolitan, wanda ya yadu a Italiya a cikin karni na 18, ana daukarsa a matsayin magabata na irin wannan kayan aiki na zamani. Mandolin masu siffar pear na yau sun fi tunawa da kayan aikin Italiya na farko a bayyanar kuma sun shahara musamman da jama'a da masu yin kida na gargajiya. Tun daga tsakiyar karni na 19, mandolin a zahiri ya ɓace daga wasan kide-kide, kuma an manta da tarihin da aka rubuta don shi.

Mandolin na Neapolitan

A farkon karni na 20, mandolin ya dawo da farin jini , wanda ya haifar da fitowar zaɓuɓɓukan ƙira daban-daban. Babban gudunmawa ga ci gaban wannan kayan aiki ya kasance daga masu sana'a na Amurka, waɗanda suka kasance na farko don yin samfura tare da allon sauti mai laushi ("flattops") da kuma sautin sauti ("archtops"). "Ubanninsu" na nau'in zamani na mandolin - kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin irin wannan salon kiɗa kamar bluegrass , kasar - su ne Orville Gibson da abokin aikinsa, injiniyan murya Lloyd Loar. Waɗannan biyu ne suka ƙirƙira mafi yawan samfurin "Florentine" (ko "Genoese") F mandolin a yau, da kuma samfurin A mandolin mai siffar pear. Zane na yawancin mandolin sauti na zamani yana komawa ga samfuran farko da aka yi a masana'antar Gibson.

A cikin wannan labarin, masana na kantin sayar da "Student" za su gaya muku yadda za a zabi mandolin abin da kuke buƙata, kuma kada ku biya kari a lokaci guda.

Mandolin na'urar

Kayan kai is bangaren da takure inji an makala .

Fegi ƙananan sanduna ne da ake amfani da su don riƙewa da tayar da igiyoyin.

The goro shi ne bangaren da, a hade tare da kirtani da wutsiya, ke da alhakin daidai tsayin igiyoyin da ke sama. wuyansa .

Neck – dogon, sirara siriri tsarin, ciki har da a fretboard da kuma wani lokacin an anga (karfe sanda), wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin da wuyansa kuma yana ba ku damar daidaita tsarin.

Fretboard – mai rufi da karfe goro ( tashin hankali ) an manne a wuyan wuyansa . Danna igiyoyin zuwa ga frets masu dacewa damar don fitar da wani sautin wani sauti.

Kaya alamomi suna zagaye alamun da ke sauƙaƙa wa mai yin yin kewayawa fretboard e. Sau da yawa suna kama da ɗigo masu sauƙi, amma wani lokacin ana yin su da kayan ado kuma suna aiki azaman ƙarin kayan ado don kayan aiki.

jiki - ya ƙunshi babba da ƙananan benaye da harsashi. Babban sauti hukumar , ana kiransa sau da yawa resonant , yana da alhakin sauti na kayan aiki kuma, dangane da samfurin, yana da lebur ko lankwasa, kamar violin. Kasa bene na iya zama lebur ko madaidaici.

Katantanwa , wani nau'in kayan ado kawai, ana samun su ne kawai a cikin samfuran F.

Mai rufin kariya (harsashi) – tsara don kare jiki domin mai yin wasa da kayan aiki da taimakon a plectrum baya karce saman bene.

Resonator rami (akwatin murya) – yana da siffofi iri-iri. Samfurin F an sanye shi da "efs" (ramukan resonator a cikin nau'i na harafin "f"), duk da haka, muryoyin kowane nau'i suna yin aiki iri ɗaya - don ɗauka da ba da sautin da jikin mandolin ya inganta.

Stringer ( gada ) - yana watsa girgizar igiyoyin zuwa jikin kayan aiki. Yawancin lokaci ana yin itace.

Tailpiece – Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, yana riƙe da igiyoyin mandolin. Mafi sau da yawa ana yin simintin gyare-gyare ko ƙarfe mai hatimi kuma an yi masa ado da kayan ado.

Nau'in yawo

Kodayake Model A da F mandolins ba su da bambanci sosai, kasar da kuma bluegrass 'yan wasa sun fi son Model F. Bari mu dubi nau'ikan jikin mandolin da bambance-bambancen da ke tsakaninsu.

Model A: Wannan ya haɗa da kusan duk ɗigon hawaye da mandolins na jiki (watau duk mara zagaye da mara-F). O. Gibson ya gabatar da nadi samfurin a farkon karni na 20. Sau da yawa Samfuran suna da allunan sauti masu lanƙwasa, wasu lokuta ma masu lanƙwasa, kamar na violin. Model Mandolins masu lanƙwasa ɓangarorin wasu lokuta ana kiransu da suna “lebur” mandolins kuskure, sabanin kayan kida masu zagaye (mai siffar pear). Zane na wasu samfuran A na zamani ya fi kama da guitar. Saboda rashi na "katantanwa" da "yatsun kafa", halayyar F model da kuma dauke da kayan ado, samfurin A ya fi sauƙi don samarwa kuma, daidai da haka, mai rahusa. Model A sun fi son masu yin wasan gargajiya, Celtic da kuma jama'a kiɗa.

Mandolin ARIA AM-20

Samfurin F: Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, Gibson ya fara yin samfurin F a farkon karni na karshe. Haɗa kyakkyawan ƙira da inganci mai kyau, waɗannan mandolin sun kasance na babban ɓangaren masana'antar Gibson. Shahararriyar kayan aikin wannan layin an dauki samfurin F-5, wanda injiniyan sauti Lloyd ya kirkira. A karkashin kulawar sa kai tsaye, an yi shi a cikin 1924-25. A yau, almara mandolins da Loar ta sirri autograph a kan lakabin ana daukarsa a matsayin tsoho da kuma kashe kudi mai yawa.

Gibson F5

Yawancin samfuran F na yanzu sun fi ko žasa ainihin kwafin wannan kayan aikin. An yi rami mai resonator a cikin nau'i na oval ko haruffa biyu "ef", kamar yadda yake a cikin samfurin F-5. Kusan dukkanin F-mandolin suna sanye da yatsan yatsa mai kaifi a ƙasa, wanda duka biyun suna shafar sauti kuma suna aiki azaman ƙarin maƙasudin tallafi ga mawaƙi a wurin zama. Wasu masana'antun zamani sun ƙirƙira samfurin "'ya", duka kama da kuma bambanta da na asali F. Model F mandolin (wanda aka fi sani da "Florentine" ko "Genoese") kayan aikin gargajiya ne don bluegrass da kuma kasar 'yan wasan kiɗa .

Mandolin CORT CM-F300E TBK

Mandolin masu siffar pear: tare da zagaye, jiki mai siffar pear, sun fi tunawa da magabata na Italiya, da kuma lute na gargajiya. Hakanan ana kiran mandolin zagayen "Neapolitan"; akwai kuma sunan turanci "dankali". Masu yin kida na gargajiya na zamani daban-daban ne ke buga mandolin da ƙarfi.

Mandolin Strunal Rossella

Gina da kayan aiki

Babban abu don kera na sama ( resonant ) bene na mandolin, babu shakka, shine itace spruce . Tsarin tsari mai yawa na wannan bishiyar yana ba da sautin mandolin mai haske da haske, halayyar sauran kirtani - guitar da violin. Spruce, kamar babu wani itace, yana isar da duk inuwar fasaha. Saboda gaskiyar cewa itacen spruce mai inganci abu ne mai tsada da tsada, wasu masana'antun sun maye gurbin shi da itacen al'ul ko mahogany, wanda ke ba da. sauti mai kyau .

Babban benaye na mafi kyawun mandolins an yi su ne da hannu daga spruce mai ƙarfi kuma suna zuwa cikin siffa da lebur. Tsarin katako na katako yana ƙawata bayyanar kayan aiki (ko da yake yana ƙara darajarsa). Ana yin katako na Herringbone daga katako guda biyu tare da rubutu a wani kusurwa zuwa tsakiyar toshe.
A cikin kayan aiki masu rahusa, saman is yawanci yi na laminate , Lambun itace mai lakabi wanda sau da yawa ana lulluɓe a saman tare da zane-zane. Laminated decks an tsara su ta hanyar lankwasa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, wanda ke rage yawan farashin aikin samarwa. Ko da yake masu sana'a sun fi son kayan aiki da m spruce fi, mandolins tare da laminateddecks kuma samar ingancin sauti mai karɓa kuma zai iya zama kyakkyawan zaɓi ga masu farawa.

Don mandolin na tsakiyar farashin kashi, da top bene za a iya yi da m itace, da kuma bangarorin da kasa bene za a iya laminated. Wannan ƙaddamarwar ƙira yana ba da sauti mai kyau yayin kiyaye farashi mai dacewa. Kamar dan uwanta na violin, mandolin mai inganci gefe da na baya ana yin su ne daga ƙaƙƙarfan maple, sau da yawa ana amfani da sauran katako irin su koa ko mahogany.

The fretboard yawanci ana yin shi da itacen fure ko ebony . Duk dazuzzuka suna da wuyar gaske kuma suna da ƙasa mai santsi wanda ke ba da damar sauƙin motsi na yatsunsu akan tashin hankali . Don taurin kai wuyan , a matsayin mai mulkin, sanya daga Maple ko mahogany , sau da yawa daga sassa biyu manne tare. (Ba kamar saman ba, manne wuyansa ana la'akari da ƙari.) Don guje wa nakasawa, sassan sassa na wuyansa an sanya su ta yadda tsarin itace ya dubi a gaban kwatance. Mafi sau da yawa, da wuyansa na mandolin yana ƙarfafa da sandar karfe - an anga , wanda ke ba ka damar daidaita juzu'i na wuya .kuma ta haka inganta sautin kayan aiki.

Ba kamar guitar ba, da mandolin gada (stringer) ba a haɗa shi da allon sauti ba, amma an gyara shi tare da taimakon igiyoyi. Sau da yawa ana yin shi da ebony ko rosewood. A kan mandolin lantarki, zaren yana sanye da na'urar daukar hoto don ƙara sauti. Injin na mandolin ya ƙunshi a fegi inji da mariƙin kirtani (wuyansa). Daidaitawa mai ƙarfi kwayoyi tare da santsi tashin hankali inji sune mabuɗin don daidaita mandolin daidai da kiyaye kunnawa yayin wasan. Kyakkyawar ƙira mai kyau, ƙwaƙƙwaran wuyansa ya kulle igiyoyin a wuri kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga sauti mai kyau da kyau. kiyaye .y. An bambanta nau'in wutsiya da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban kuma, ban da babba, sau da yawa suna yin aikin ado.

Gyaran kayan ado ba shi da wani tasiri a kan ingancin sauti, amma zai iya rinjayar farashin kayan aiki kuma ya inganta bayyanarsa, yana ba da jin dadi ga mai shi. Yawanci, ƙarewar mandolin sun haɗa da fretboard da headstock shigarwa tare da uwar lu'u-lu'u ko abalone. Mafi sau da yawa, ana yin inlay a cikin nau'i na kayan ado na gargajiya. Har ila yau, sau da yawa, masana'antun suna yin koyi da "fern motifs" na sanannen samfurin Gibson F-5.

Lacquering ba kawai yana kare mandolin daga karce, amma kuma yana inganta bayyanar kayan aiki, kuma yana da tasiri akan sauti. Ƙarshen lacquer na Model F mandolins yayi kama da na violin. Yawancin masanan mandolin sun lura cewa bakin bakin ciki na nitrocellulose varnish yana ba da sautin haske da tsabta ta musamman. Duk da haka, ana amfani da wasu nau'o'in ƙarewa a cikin kammalawa, an tsara su don jaddada kyawawan kayan aikin itace, ba tare da tasiri ba. hatimi da wadatar sauti.

Misalai na mandolins

Farashin M30	ARIA AM-20E
Farashin M1086	Sunan mahaifi Rossella