Turanci ƙaho: menene, abun da ke ciki, sauti, aikace-aikace

Ƙwaƙwalwar farin ciki, mai tunawa da waƙoƙin makiyayi, halayen kayan aikin katako na ƙaho na Ingilishi, wanda har yanzu asalinsa yana da alaƙa da asirai masu yawa. A cikin kade-kade na kade-kade, shigarsa kadan ne. Amma ta hanyar sautin wannan kayan kida ne mawaƙa suke samun launuka masu haske, da lafazin soyayya, da kyawawan bambancin.

Menene kahon turanci

Wannan kayan aikin iska shine ingantaccen sigar oboe. Kahon Ingilishi yana tunatar da sanannen danginsa tare da yatsa iri ɗaya. Babban bambance-bambance shine girman girma da sauti. Jiki mai tsayi yana bawa alto oboe damar yin sautin ƙasa na biyar. Sautin yana da taushi, kauri tare da cikakken timbre.

Transpose kayan aiki. Lokacin wasa, fitin sautinsa na ainihi bai dace da na sananne ba. Ga yawancin mutane, wannan fasalin yana nufin kome ba. Amma masu sauraro masu cikakken sauti suna iya gane shigar alto oboe a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta kaɗe-kaɗe. Juyawa alama ce ta musamman ba kawai na ƙaho na Ingilishi ba, ƙaho na alto, clarinet, musette suna da fasalin iri ɗaya.

Na'urar

An yi bututun kayan aiki da itace. Ya bambanta da "danginsa" a cikin kararrawa mai siffar pear mai zagaye. Haɗin sauti yana faruwa ta hanyar hura iska ta cikin ƙarfe "es" wanda ke riƙe da sandar. Akwai takamaiman adadin ramuka akan jiki kuma an haɗa tsarin bawul.

Gina na biyar ƙasa da na oboe. Kewayon sauti ba shi da mahimmanci - daga bayanin kula "mi" na ƙaramin octave zuwa bayanin kula "si-flat" na biyu. A cikin makin, an rubuta kida na alto oboe a cikin tsaunin treble. Kayan aiki yana da ƙananan motsi na fasaha, wanda aka biya ta hanyar cantileverness, tsayi, da velvety na sauti.

Tarihin Alto oboe

An halicci ƙaho na Ingilishi a farkon karni na XNUMX a kan ƙasar Poland ta zamani ko Jamus, da farko ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe Silesia. Majiyoyin sun yi nuni da nau'o'i daban-daban na asalinsa. A cewar daya, babban malamin Silesian Weigel ne ya kirkiro shi kuma an yi alto oboe a cikin sigar baka. Wasu majiyoyin sun bayyana cewa, halittar na ɗan ƙasar Jamus ne mai ƙirƙira kayan aikin Eichentopf. Ya dauki obo a matsayin tushe, yana inganta sautinsa tare da taimakon kararrawa mai zagaye da tsawaita tashar. Maigidan ya yi mamakin irin sauti mai daɗi da taushi da kayan aikin ya yi. Ya yanke shawarar cewa irin wannan waƙar ta cancanci mala'iku kuma ya kira ta Engels Horn. Consonance tare da kalmar "Turanci" ya ba da sunan ƙaho, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Ingila.

Aikace-aikace a cikin kiɗa

Alto oboe yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kayan aikin jujjuyawa da aka baiwa amanar ɓangaren solo a cikin ayyukan kiɗa. Amma bai kai ga samun irin wannan ikon nan take ba. A cikin shekarun farko, an buga shi daga maki don sauran kayan aikin iska kwatankwacinsa. Gluck da Haydn sun kasance masu kirkire-kirkire wajen inganta cor anglais, sannan sauran mawakan karni na sha takwas suka biyo baya. A cikin karni na XNUMX, ya zama sananne sosai tare da mawakan opera na Italiya.

A cikin kiɗan kiɗa, ana amfani da alto oboe ba kawai don ƙirƙirar tasirin musamman ba, sassan waƙoƙi, fastoci ko melancholic digressions, amma kuma a matsayin memba mai zaman kansa na ƙungiyar makaɗa. Kaho solos Rachmaninov, Janacek, Rodrigo ne suka rubuta.

Duk da cewa na musamman solo wallafe-wallafe na wannan kayan aiki ba su da yawa, kuma yana da wuya a ji wani mutum concert wasan kwaikwayo a kan alto oboe, shi ya zama wani real dutse mai daraja na symphonic music, wani cancantar wakilin iyali na itacen reed kida. , mai iya isar da haske, halayen halayen da mawallafin suka ɗauka.