Tarihin Celesta
Tantanin halitta - kayan kida na madannai na kaɗa wanda yayi kama da ƙaramin piano. Sunan ya fito daga kalmar Italiyanci celeste, wanda ke nufin "sama". Celesta galibi ba a amfani da ita azaman kayan aikin solo, amma yana sauti azaman ɓangaren ƙungiyar mawaƙa na kade-kade. Baya ga ayyukan gargajiya, ana amfani da shi a jazz, mashahurin kiɗan da dutse.
Magabata chelesty
A cikin 1788, maigidan London C. Clagget ya ƙirƙira "tuning cokali mai yatsu clavier", kuma shi ne ya zama magabata na celesta. Ka'idar aiki na kayan aiki ita ce buga guduma a kan daidaita cokula masu girma dabam.
A cikin 1860s, dan Faransa Victor Mustel ya ƙirƙira wani kayan aiki mai kama da clavier na gyaran cokali mai yatsa - "dulciton". Daga baya, dansa Auguste ya yi wasu gyare-gyare - ya maye gurbin gyaran gyare-gyare tare da faranti na musamman na karfe tare da resonators. Kayan aikin ya fara kama da piano mai sauti mai laushi, mai kama da kararrawar kararrawa. A cikin 1886, Auguste Mustel ya sami takardar shaidar ƙirƙira, yana kiranta "celesta".
Rarraba kayan aiki
Zamanin zinare na celesta ya zo a ƙarshen 1888th da farkon karni na XNUMX. An fara jin sabon kayan aikin a cikin XNUMX a cikin wasan kwaikwayon The Tempest ta William Shakespeare. Mawaƙin Faransa Ernest Chausson ya yi amfani da Celesta a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa.
A cikin karni na ashirin, da kayan aiki ya yi sauti a cikin shahararrun ayyukan kiɗa - a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Dmitry Shostakovich, a cikin Planets suite, a Silva na Imre Kalman, an samo wani wuri don shi a cikin ayyukan baya - Britten's A Midsummer Night's Dream kuma a Philippe. Guston" Feldman.
A cikin 20s na karni na ashirin, celesta ta yi sauti da jazz. Masu wasan kwaikwayo sun yi amfani da kayan aikin: Hoagy Carmichael, Earl Hines, Mid Luck Lewis, Herbie Hancock, Art Tatum, Oscar Peterson da sauransu. A cikin 30s, ɗan wasan jazz na Amurka Fats Waller ya yi amfani da dabarar wasa mai ban sha'awa. Ya buga kida biyu a lokaci guda - tare da hannunsa na hagu akan piano, kuma da hannun dama akan celesta.
Rarraba kayan aiki a Rasha
Celesta ya sami karbuwa a Rasha godiya ga PI Tchaikovsky, wanda ya fara jin sautinsa a 1891 a Paris. Mawakin ya burge ta sosai har ya kawo ta Rasha. A karo na farko a kasar mu, Celesta aka yi a Mariinsky gidan wasan kwaikwayo a watan Disamba 1892 a farko na Ballet Nutcracker. Masu sauraro sun yi mamakin sautin kayan aikin lokacin da celesta ta raka raye-rayen Pellet Fairy. Godiya ga sautin kiɗa na musamman, yana yiwuwa a isar da ko da faɗuwar ruwa.
A cikin 1985 RK Shchedrin ya rubuta "Kiɗa don kirtani, oboes biyu, ƙaho biyu da celesta". A cikin halittar A. Lyadov "Kikimora" celesta sauti a cikin wani lullaby.
