Herman Galinin |

Herman Galinin

Na yi farin ciki da alfahari cewa Herman ya kula da ni da kyau, domin na sami sa'a na san shi da kallon furanni na babban hazakarsa. Daga wasiƙar D. Shostakovich

Ayyukan G. Galynin yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun shafuka na kiɗan Soviet bayan yakin. Gadon da ya bar shi kadan ne, manyan ayyukan suna cikin filin wasan choral, concerto-symphonic da chamber-instrumental nau'ikan: oratorio "Yarinya da Mutuwa" (1950-63), 2 concertos na piano da orchestra (1946-1965). 1950, 1949), "Epic Poem" don kade-kade na symphony (2), Suite for string orchestra (1947), 1956 string quartets (1948, 1945), Piano trio (XNUMX), Suite for piano (XNUMX).

Yana da sauƙi a ga cewa an rubuta yawancin ayyukan a cikin shekaru biyar na 1945-50. Wannan shine tsawon lokacin da mummunan rabo ya ba Galynin don cikakken kerawa. A haƙiƙa, duk abin da ya fi muhimmanci a cikin gadonsa an ƙirƙira shi ne a lokacin karatunsa. Ga duk abin da ya bambanta, labarin rayuwar Galynin shine halayyar sabon ƙwararrun Soviet, ɗan asalin jama'a, wanda ya sami damar shiga kololuwar al'adun duniya.

Maraya wanda ya rasa iyayensa da wuri (mahaifinsa ma'aikaci ne a Tula), yana ɗan shekara 12, Galynin ya ƙare a gidan marayu, wanda ya maye gurbin danginsa. Tuni a wancan lokacin, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun yaron sun bayyana: ya zana da kyau, ya kasance ba makawa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, amma mafi yawan abin da ya jawo shi zuwa kiɗa - ya ƙware duk kayan kida na ƙungiyar marayu na kayan gargajiya, rubutaccen jama'a. wakoki gare shi. An haife shi a cikin wannan yanayi mai kyau, aikin farko na matashin mawaki - "Maris" don piano ya zama nau'in wucewa zuwa makarantar kiɗa a Moscow Conservatory. Bayan karatu na shekara guda a sashen shirye-shirye, a 1938 Galinin aka sa hannu a cikin babban kwas.

A cikin yanayin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun makarantar, inda ya yi magana da fitattun mawaƙa - I. Sposobin (jituwa) da G. Litinsky (haɗin gwiwa), gwanintar Galynin ya fara haɓaka da ƙarfi da sauri mai ban mamaki - ba don komai ba ne 'yan uwan ​​​​dalibai suka yi la'akari da su. shi babban ikon fasaha. Koyaushe yana kwadayin duk wani sabon abu, mai ban sha'awa, ban mamaki, koyaushe yana jan hankalin 'yan'uwa da abokan aiki, a cikin shekarunsa na makaranta Galynin ya kasance mai son piano da kiɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Kuma idan piano sonatas da preludes nuna matasa tashin hankali, budewa da kuma subtlety na ji na matasa mawaki, da music for M. Cervantes ta interlude "The Salamanca Cave" ne mai penchant ga kaifi hali, da embodiment na farin ciki na rayuwa. .

Abin da aka samo a farkon hanyar ya ci gaba a cikin ƙarin aikin Galyn - da farko a cikin kide-kide na piano da kuma a cikin kiɗa na J. Fletcher's comedy The Taming of the Tamer (1944). Tuni a cikin shekarun makaranta, kowa ya yi mamakin ainihin salon "Galynin" na wasan piano, duk abin mamaki ne saboda bai taba nazarin fasahar pianistic ba. “A ƙarƙashin yatsunsa, komai ya zama babba, mai nauyi, bayyane…Mai wasan pianist da mahalicci a nan, kamar yadda ake ce, sun haɗu zuwa gaba ɗaya,” in ji abokin karatun Galynin A. Kholminov.

A shekara ta 1941, wani dalibi na farko na Moscow Conservatory, Galynin, ya ba da kansa don gaba, amma ko da a nan bai rabu da kiɗa ba - ya jagoranci ayyukan zane-zane, ya tsara waƙoƙi, tafiya, da mawaƙa. Sai kawai bayan shekaru 3 ya koma cikin aji na abun da ke ciki na N. Myaskov, sa'an nan - saboda rashin lafiya - ya canjawa wuri zuwa ajin D. Shostakovich, wanda ya riga ya lura da basirar wani sabon dalibi.

Conservatory shekaru - lokacin samuwar Galynin a matsayin mutum da kuma mawaƙa, da gwaninta yana shiga cikin farin ciki. Mafi kyawun abubuwan da aka tsara na wannan lokacin - Concerto na farko na Piano, Quartet na Farko, Piano Trio, Suite for Strings - nan da nan ya jawo hankalin masu sauraro da masu suka. Shekaru na binciken sun sami kambi ta manyan ayyukan mawaƙa guda biyu - oratorio "Yarinya da Mutuwa" (bayan M. Gorky) da ƙungiyar mawaƙa "Epic Poem", wanda nan da nan ya zama babban repertoire kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Jiha a cikin 2.

Amma rashin lafiya mai tsanani ya riga ya jira Galynin, kuma bai bar shi ya bayyana basirarsa ba. Shekaru masu zuwa na rayuwarsa, ya yi ƙarfin hali ya yaƙi cutar, yana ƙoƙarin ba kowane minti ɗaya da aka kwace daga gare ta zuwa kiɗan da ya fi so. Wannan shine yadda aka gyara Quartet na biyu, Concerto na biyu na Piano, Concerto grosso don piano solo, Aria for Violin da Orchestra Orchestra ya tashi, farkon sonatas na piano da oratorio "Yarinya da Mutuwa" aka gyara, wasan kwaikwayon wanda ya zama taron a cikin rayuwar kiɗa na 60s.

Galynin ya kasance mai fasaha na gaske na Rasha, mai zurfi, kaifi da ra'ayi na zamani game da duniya. Kamar yadda yake a cikin halayensa, ayyukan mawaƙa suna da ban sha'awa ta wurin cikar jininsu na ban mamaki, lafiyar hankali, duk abin da ke cikin su an tsara shi babba, mai kauri, mai mahimmanci. Waƙar Galynin tana da ƙarfi a cikin tunani, bayyanannen karkata zuwa ga almara, an saita kalamai masu ban sha'awa a cikinta ta hanyar ban dariya da taushi, taƙaitaccen waƙoƙi. Yanayin kasa na kerawa kuma ana nuna shi ta hanyar waƙar waƙoƙi, waƙoƙi mai faɗi, tsarin jituwa na musamman na "ƙuƙwalwa", wanda ke komawa ga "rashin ƙa'ida" na Mussorgsky. Daga matakan farko na hanyar tsara Galynin, waƙarsa ta zama wani abu mai ban sha'awa na al'adun kiɗa na Soviet, "saboda," in ji E. Svetlanov, "gama da waƙar Galynin ko da yaushe taro ne mai kyau wanda ke wadatar da mutum, kamar kowane abu. da gaske kyakkyawa a fasaha ".

G. Zhdanova