Baldassare Galuppi |

Baldassare Galuppi

Sunan B. Galuppi ya ɗan faɗi kaɗan ga mai son kiɗan zamani, amma a lokacinsa yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan mashahuran ƙwararrun opera na Italiyanci. Galuppi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar kiɗa ba kawai Italiya ba, har ma da sauran ƙasashe, musamman Rasha.

Italiya karni na 112 a zahiri ya rayu ta opera. Wannan zane-zane na ƙauna ya ba da haske ga sha'awar waƙa na Italiyanci, yanayin zafinsu. Duk da haka, bai nemi taɓa zurfin ruhaniya ba kuma bai haifar da manyan abubuwan "har tsawon ƙarni". A cikin XVIII karni. Mawaƙan Italiyanci sun ƙirƙiri operas da dama, kuma adadin wasan operas na Galuppi (50) ya zama na yau da kullun na wancan lokacin. Bugu da ƙari, Galuppi ya ƙirƙira ayyuka da yawa don coci: talakawa, requiems, oratorios da cantatas. Kyakkyawan virtuoso - maigidan clavier - ya rubuta sama da XNUMX sonatas don wannan kayan aikin.

A lokacin rayuwarsa, ana kiran Galuppi Buranello - daga sunan tsibirin Burano (kusa da Venice), inda aka haife shi. Kusan duk ya m rayuwa yana da alaka da Venice: a nan ya yi karatu a Conservatory (tare da A. Lotti), da kuma daga 1762 har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa (sai dai lokacin da ya shafe a Rasha) shi ne darektan da kuma shugaban. kungiyar mawaka. A lokaci guda, Galuppi ya sami matsayi mafi girma na kiɗa a Venice - mai kula da majami'ar St. Mark's Cathedral (kafin haka, ya kasance mataimakin mai kula da bandeji na kusan shekaru 15), a Venice tun daga ƙarshen 20s. operas dinsa na farko an yi shi.

Galuppi ya rubuta operas na ban dariya musamman (mafi kyawun su: "Mafisa Falsafa" - 1754, "Masoya Masu Ba'a Uku" - 1761). An kirkiro wasan kwaikwayo 20 akan rubutun shahararren marubucin wasan kwaikwayo C. Goldoni, wanda ya taɓa cewa Galuppi "a cikin mawaƙa ɗaya ne kamar yadda Raphael yana cikin masu fasaha." Bugu da kari ga mai ban dariya Galuppi, ya kuma rubuta manyan wasan operas dangane da dadadden batutuwa: misali, The Abandoned Dido (1741) da Iphigenia in Taurida (1768) da aka rubuta a Rasha. Mawaƙin ya yi suna cikin sauri a Italiya da sauran ƙasashe. An gayyace shi don yin aiki a London (1741-43), kuma a cikin 1765 - a St. Abin sha'awa na musamman shine waƙoƙin mawaƙa na Galuppi waɗanda aka ƙirƙira don Cocin Orthodox (15 a duka). Mawaƙin ta hanyoyi da yawa ya ba da gudummawa ga kafa sabon salon waƙar cocin Rasha mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi. Dalibinsa shi ne fitaccen mawakin Rasha D. Bortnyansky (ya yi karatu tare da Galuppi a Rasha, sannan ya tafi Italiya tare da shi).

Komawa Venice, Galuppi ya ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukansa a cocin St. Mark's Cathedral da kuma dakin ajiyar kaya. Kamar yadda matafiyi na Ingilishi C. Burney ya rubuta, “Mai hazaka na Signor Galuppi, kamar gwanin Titian, yana ƙara samun wahayi cikin shekaru. Yanzu Galuppi bai gaza shekaru 70 ba, amma duk da haka, bisa ga dukkan alamu, wasan kwaikwayo na operas na ƙarshe da abubuwan da suka yi na coci sun cika da sha'awa, ɗanɗano da fantasy fiye da kowane lokaci na rayuwarsa.

K. Zankin