Herbert von Karajan (Herbert von Karajan) |

Herbert von Karajan

• Book «Karayan» →

Ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran masu sukar kiɗan da ake kira Karayan "Chief Conductor of Europe". Kuma wannan sunan gaskiya ne sau biyu - don yin magana, duka a cikin tsari da kuma cikin abun ciki. Lalle ne: a cikin shekaru goma da rabi da suka wuce, Karajan ya jagoranci mafi yawan mafi kyawun mawaƙa na Turai: ya kasance babban jagoran London, Vienna da Berlin Philharmonic, Vienna Opera da La Scala a Milan, bukukuwan kiɗa a Bayreuth, Salzburg. da Lucerne, Ƙungiyar Abokan Kiɗa a Vienna… . Amma ya gudanar ya yi duk wannan da kuma, a Bugu da kari, har yanzu intensively yawon shakatawa a duniya.

Koyaya, ma'anar "shugabannin Turai" yana da ma'ana mai zurfi. Shekaru da yawa yanzu, Karajan ya bar yawancin mukamansa, yana mai da hankali kan jagorantar bikin Philharmonic na Berlin da bikin bazara na Salzburg, wanda shi da kansa ya shirya tun 1967 kuma inda ya shirya wasan operas na Wagner da manyan al'adun gargajiya. Amma har yanzu babu madugu a nahiyarmu, kuma mai yiwuwa a ko'ina cikin duniya (tare da yiwuwar banda L. Bernstein), wanda zai iya yin gasa tare da shi a cikin shahara da iko (idan muna nufin masu jagorancin zamaninsa) .

Ana kwatanta Karajan sau da yawa tare da Toscanini, kuma akwai dalilai da yawa na irin wannan kamanceceniya: masu gudanarwa guda biyu suna da alaƙa da ma'aunin gwaninta, faɗin hangen nesansu na kiɗa, da kuma shaharar su. Amma, watakila, babban kamanninsu za a iya la'akari da wani abin ban mamaki, wani lokacin da ba za a iya fahimta ba don ɗaukar hankalin mawaƙa da jama'a gaba ɗaya, don watsa musu raƙuman ruwa marasa ganuwa ta hanyar kiɗa. (Ana jin wannan ko da a cikin rikodin rikodin.)

Ga masu sauraro, Karayan ƙwararren ƙwararren mai zane ne wanda ke ba su lokatai na ƙwarewa. A gare su, Karajan jagora ne wanda ke sarrafa dukkan nau'ikan fasahar kiɗan iri-iri - daga ayyukan Mozart da Haydn zuwa kiɗan Stravinsky da Shostakovich na zamani. A wajensu, Karayan ƙwararren ɗan wasa ne wanda ke yin wasa daidai gwargwado a fagen wasan kwaikwayo da kuma a cikin gidan wasan opera, inda Karayan a matsayin madugu sau da yawa Karayan ya zama daraktan mataki.

Karajan yayi daidai sosai wajen isar da ruhi da harafin kowane maki. Amma duk wani wasan kwaikwayon nasa yana da alamar hatimin zurfin hatimin ɗan adam, wanda yake da ƙarfi sosai cewa yana jagorantar ba kawai ƙungiyar makaɗa ba, har ma da mawaƙa. Tare da karimcin laconic, ba tare da wani tasiri ba, sau da yawa mai tsananin rowa, "mai wuya", yana ƙarƙashin kowane memba na ƙungiyar makaɗa zuwa ga nufinsa mara ƙarfi, kama mai sauraro tare da yanayinsa na ciki, yana bayyana masa zurfin ilimin falsafa na zane-zanen kiɗan kiɗan. Kuma a irin waɗannan lokatai, ƙaramin siffarsa yana kama da girma!

Karajan ya shirya wasan opera da dama a Vienna, Milan da sauran garuruwa. Don ƙididdige wasiƙar mai gudanarwa na nufin tunawa da duk mafi kyawun da ke cikin adabin kiɗa.

Ana iya faɗi da yawa game da fassarar Karajan na ɗaiɗaikun ayyuka. An gabatar da kade-kaden kade-kade da dama da kade-kade da kade-kade da mawakan zamani da al'ummomi daban-daban suka yi a cikin kade-kaden nasa, wanda ya rubuta a rubuce. Bari mu ambaci sunaye kaɗan. Beethoven, Brahms, Bruckner, Mozart, Wagner, Verdi, Bizet, R. Strauss, Puccini - waɗannan su ne mawaƙa a cikin fassarar waƙar waƙar da basirar mai zane ta bayyana ga cikakken. Bari mu tuna, alal misali, wasan kwaikwayo na Karajan a cikin ƙasarmu a cikin 60s ko Verdi's Requiem, wasan da Karajan a Moscow ya yi tare da masu fasaha na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Da Scala a Milan ya ba da mamaki ga duk wanda ya ji shi.

Mun yi ƙoƙari mu zana hoton Karayan - yadda aka san shi a duk faɗin duniya. Tabbas, wannan zane ne kawai, zanen layi: hoton madugu yana cika da launuka masu haske lokacin da kake sauraron wasan kwaikwayo ko faifai. Ya rage a gare mu mu tuna farkon hanyar kirkirar mai zane…

Karajan an haife shi a Salzburg, ɗan likita. Iyawarsa da ƙaunar kiɗan sa sun bayyana kansu da wuri wanda tun yana ɗan shekara biyar ya fito fili ya yi wasan pianist. Sannan Karajan ya yi karatu a Salzburg Mozarteum, kuma shugaban wannan makarantar koyar da waka, B. Paumgartner, ya shawarce shi da ya gudanar. (Har wala yau, Karajan ya kasance ƙwararren ƙwararren pianist, lokaci-lokaci yana yin piano da guntun kaɗe-kaɗe.) Tun daga 1927, matashin mawaƙin yana aiki a matsayin madugu, na farko a birnin Ulm na Austriya, sannan a Aachen, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙa. mafi ƙanƙanta shugaban gudanarwa a Jamus. A karshen thirties, da artist ya koma Berlin kuma nan da nan ya dauki mukamin babban darektan Opera na Berlin.

Bayan yakin, shaharar Karajan ba da daɗewa ba ya wuce iyakokin Jamus - sannan suka fara kiransa, "babban jagoran Turai" ...

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969