Oktobas: bayanin kayan aiki, abun da ke ciki, sauti, tarihin halitta, yadda ake wasa

A cikin karni na XNUMX, masu yin violin sun yi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar kayan aiki wanda sautin zai yi ƙasa da na bass biyu. Gwaje-gwaje da yawa sun haifar da bayyanar wani samfurin girma mai girma a cikin dangin violin. Ba a yi amfani da octobass sosai a al'adun kiɗa ba, amma wasu makada na kaɗe-kaɗe suna amfani da ita don ba da dandano na musamman ga tsoffin ayyukan gargajiya.

Menene octobas

Babban wayan mawaƙa a cikin dangin igiyar violin yayi kama da bass biyu. Babban bambanci tsakanin kayan aiki shine girman. A oktobass sun fi girma - tsayin kusan mita hudu. Nisa daga cikin akwati a cikin mafi girman wuri ya kai mita biyu. Wuyan yana da kirtani uku, sanye da turakun daidaitawa. Babban ɓangaren shari'ar yana da levers. Ta danna su, mawaƙin ya danna igiyoyin zuwa mashaya.

Menene sautin octobass?

Kayan aiki yana haifar da ƙaramar sauti a iyakar jin ɗan adam. Idan ma ƙananan sautunan sun wanzu, to mutane ba za su ji su kawai ba. Saboda haka, ba shi da ma'ana don gwaji tare da ƙarin girma.

An ƙayyade tsarin ta bayanin kula guda uku: "yi", "sol", "re". An kashe sautin, mitar "zuwa" subcontroctave shine 16 Hz. A cikin aikin kiɗa, an yi amfani da iyakacin iyaka, yana ƙarewa a cikin "la" na counteroctave. Masu ƙirƙira sun ji kunya da sautin octobass, ba shi da zurfi da wadata idan aka kwatanta da "kanin ɗan'uwa".

Tarihin ƙirƙirar kayan aikin

A lokaci guda, masters daga kasashe daban-daban sun zo tare da ra'ayin haɓaka jikin bass biyu. Mafi ƙanƙanta na "kattai" yana wakiltar Gidan Tarihi na Turanci. Tsayinsa shine mita 2,6. Mutane biyu ne suka buga shi lokaci guda. Ɗayan ya hau tasha ta musamman ya maƙe zaren, ɗayan ya jagoranci baka. Sun kira wannan kayan aikin "Goliath".

A tsakiyar karni na XNUMX, Paris ta ga wata octobas mai girma fiye da Ingilishi. Jean Baptiste Vuillaume ne ya kirkiro. Maigidan ya yi ingantacciyar gyare-gyare don yin wasa da babban bass biyu a fasahance mara wahala. Ya sa kayan kidan kidan da na'urar cirewa, wanda jerin levers a sama da takalmi a kasa ke tukawa.

Ba'amurke John Geyer ya kara gaba. Octobass ɗinsa ya kasance tsayi mai ban sha'awa - mita huɗu da rabi. Ba za a iya sanya shi a kowane ɗaki ba. Abu ne mai wahala a fasaha don kunna manyan kayan kida. Sun ji kunya da ƙaramar sautinsu. Idan aka kwatanta da bass biyu, yana da ɗan launi, jikewa, ko zurfin sauti.

Bayan lokaci, fahimtar rashin tushe na ra'ayin, masters sun daina yin gwaji tare da girman shari'ar. Sun mayar da hankalinsu zuwa bass biyu, haɓakawa wanda ya sa ya yiwu a sami ƙananan sauti ta hanyar ƙara kirtani na biyar a cikin "yi" tuning na counteroctave. Ƙarin ƙananan sautuna kuma an sami damar yin aiki ta wata hanya ta musamman wacce ke “tsara” mafi ƙarancin kirtani.

Yadda ake kunna octobass

Dabarar buga “katuwar” tana kama da dabarun kunna kiɗa akan violin ko wasu kayan kirtani na ruku’u. Karnuka da dama da suka wuce, mawakan sun hau wani dandali na musamman, kusa da inda aka sanya wata octobass. Amma ko da wannan matsayi ya haifar da matsaloli lokacin danna igiyoyin. Sabili da haka, an cire yiwuwar saurin lokaci mai sauri, tsalle, sassa. Yana da wahala a yi wasa ko da ma'auni mai sauƙi, saboda sautin sa za a murguda ta da mahimman tazara tsakanin bayanin kula.

Daga cikin mashahuran mawaƙa Richard Wagner ya mai da hankali sosai ga ɓangaren octobas a cikin ayyukansa. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya ƙirƙiri madaidaicin yawan sauti, musamman rubutu don ƙaton bass biyu. Tchaikovsky, Berlioz, Brahms, Wagner sun yi amfani da damar don rage sautin zuwa iyaka. Mawaƙa na zamani sun rasa sha'awar kayan aiki, suna amfani da shi da wuya. Daga cikin shahararrun, wanda zai iya lura da aikin "Wakoki Hudu" na Adam Gilberti.

Makamantan Kayan Aikin

Bass biyu da viola ba su kaɗai ba ne waɗanda masters suka gwada da su. Daga cikin kirtani akwai wani "giant", wanda a yau za a iya ji a cikin jama'a ensembles. Wannan balalaika bass biyu ne. Tsawon sa yana da kusan mita 1,7. Daga cikin sauran balalaikas, yana da mafi ƙarancin sauti kuma yana yin aikin bass.

Haɓakar girman kuma ya shafi kayan aikin iska. Wannan shi ne yadda saxophone ɗin contrabass ya bayyana, mai tsayi har zuwa mita biyu, busa sarewa, girman ɗan adam. A lokacin kasancewar octobass, maganganun sau da yawa sun bayyana cewa masters sun yi aiki a banza, 'ya'yan itacen da suke aiki ba shi da sha'awa kuma baya fadada ikon ƙungiyar makaɗa.

Amma bincike, gwaje-gwaje tare da ƙananan mitoci sun ba wa mawaƙa damar yin wasu mahimman binciken. Ga al'ada, aikin masters yana da matukar amfani. Oktobass ya daɗe shine kawai kayan aikin da sautinsa ya yi iyaka da ƙarfin jin ɗan adam.