Giulietta Simionato |

Giulietta Simionato

Wadanda suka sani kuma suna ƙaunar Juliet Simionato, ko da ba su ji ta a gidan wasan kwaikwayo ba, sun tabbata cewa za ta rayu har ta kai shekara ɗari. Ya isa kallon hoton mai launin toka mai launin toka da mawaƙa mai ban sha'awa a cikin hular ruwan hoda: ko da yaushe akwai slyness a fuskarta. Simionato ta shahara don jin daɗinta. Duk da haka, Juliet Simionato ta mutu mako guda kafin ta cika shekaru ɗari, a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2010.

Daya daga cikin shahararrun mezzo-sopranos na karni na ashirin an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 1910 a Forlì, a yankin Emilia-Romagna, kusan rabin tsakanin Bologna da Rimini, a cikin dangin wani gwamnan kurkuku. Iyayenta ba daga waɗannan wuraren ba ne, mahaifinta ya fito daga Mirano, ba da nisa da Venice, mahaifiyarta kuma ta fito daga tsibirin Sardinia. A cikin gidan mahaifiyarta a Sardinia, Juliet (kamar yadda ake kiranta a cikin iyali; ainihin sunanta Julia) ta shafe yarinta. Lokacin da yarinyar ta kasance shekaru takwas, dangin sun koma Rovigo, tsakiyar lardin wannan sunan a yankin Veneto. An aika Juliet zuwa makarantar Katolika, inda aka koya mata zane-zane, zane-zane, fasahar dafa abinci, da kuma rera waƙa. Nan da nan zuhudu suka ja hankali ga kyautar kiɗanta. Mawaƙin da kanta ta ce tana son yin waƙa koyaushe. Don yin haka, ta kulle kanta a bandaki. Amma ba a can ba! Mahaifiyar Juliet, mace ce mai taurin kai da ta mulke gidan da hannu da karfe kuma ta kan dauki matakin hukunta yara, ta ce gwamma ta kashe diyarta da hannunta da ta bar ta ta zama mawakiya. Signora, duk da haka, ya mutu lokacin da Juliet ke da shekaru 15, kuma shingen haɓakar kyautar banmamaki ya rushe. Mashahurin nan gaba ya fara karatu a Rovigo, sannan a Padua. Malamanta sune Ettore Locatello da Guido Palumbo. Giulietta Simionato ta fara fitowa a shekara ta 1927 a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na kida na Rossato Nina, Non fare la stupida (Nina, kar ki zama wawa). Mahaifinta ne ya raka ta wurin bita da kulli. A lokacin ne ‘yar bariki Albanese ta ji ta, wadda ta annabta: “Idan aka horar da wannan muryar da kyau, ranar za ta zo da gidajen wasan kwaikwayo za su ruguje saboda tafi.” Aikin farko na Juliet a matsayin mawaƙin opera ya faru bayan shekara guda, a cikin ƙaramin garin Montagnana kusa da Padua (a hanya, an haifi ɗan wasan Toscanini Aureliano Pertile a can).

Ci gaban aikin Simionato yana tunawa da sanannen karin magana “Chi va piano, va sano e va lontano”; kwatankwacinsa na Rasha shine "Tafiya a hankali, za ku ci gaba." A 1933, ta lashe vocal gasar a Florence (385 mahalarta), shugaban juri - Umberto Giordano, marubucin Andre Chenier da Fedora, da membobinsu Solomiya Krushelnitskaya, Rosina Storchio, Alessandro Bonci, Tullio Serafin. Da ta ji Juliet, Rosina Storchio (wanda ta fara yin rawar Madama Butterfly) ta ce mata: “Koyaushe raira waƙa haka, masoyina.”

Nasarar da aka samu a gasar ta bai wa matashin mawakin damar shiga gasar La Scala. Ta sanya hannu kan kwangilarta ta farko tare da shahararren gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Milan a cikin kakar 1935-36. Kwangila ce mai ban sha'awa: Juliet dole ne ta koyi duk ƙananan sassa kuma ta kasance a duk karatun. Matsayinta na farko a La Scala sune Matar Novices a cikin Sister Angelica da Giovanna a Rigoletto. Yawancin yanayi sun wuce a cikin aikin da ke da alhakin da ba ya kawo gamsuwa ko daraja (Simionato ya rera Flora a La Traviata, Siebel a Faust, ƙaramin Savoyard a Fyodor, da dai sauransu). A ƙarshe, a cikin 1940, sanannen baritone Mariano Stabile ya nace cewa Juliet yakamata ya rera ɓangaren Cherubino a Le nozze di Figaro a cikin Trieste. Amma kafin nasarar farko ta gaske, ya zama dole a jira wasu shekaru biyar: an kawo shi Juliet ta rawar Dorabella a Così fan tutte. Hakanan a cikin 1940, Simionato yayi a matsayin Santuzza a Karramawar Rural. Marubucin da kansa ya tsaya a bayan na'urar wasan bidiyo, kuma ita ce ƙarami a cikin mawallafin soloists: "Ɗanta" ya girme ta shekaru ashirin.

Kuma a ƙarshe, wani nasara: a cikin 1947, a Genoa, Simionato ya rera babban bangare a cikin wasan opera Tom "Mignon" kuma bayan 'yan watanni ya sake maimaita shi a La Scala (Wilhelm Meister shine Giuseppe Di Stefano). Yanzu mutum zai iya yin murmushi kawai sa’ad da yake karanta martanin da aka bayar a jaridu: “Giulietta Simionato, wadda muka saba gani a cikin layuka na ƙarshe, yanzu ita ce ta farko, don haka ya kamata a yi adalci.” Matsayin Mignon ya zama abin tarihi ga Simionato, a cikin wannan wasan opera ne ta fara fitowa a La Fenice a Venice a 1948, da kuma a Mexico a 1949, inda masu sauraro suka nuna sha'awar ta. Ra'ayin Tullio Serafina ya kasance mafi mahimmanci: "Ba kawai ci gaba ba ne, amma na gaske!" Maestro ya ce wa Giulietta bayan wasan kwaikwayon "Così fan tutte" kuma ya ba ta matsayin Carmen. Amma a lokacin, Simionato bai ji balagagge ga wannan rawar ba kuma ya sami ƙarfin ƙi.

A cikin 1948-49 kakar, Simionato ya fara juya zuwa operas na Rossini, Bellini da Donizetti. Sannu a hankali, ta kai matsayi na gaskiya a irin wannan nau'in kiɗan opera kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane na Bel Canto Renaissance. Fassarar ta game da matsayin Leonora a cikin Favorite, Isabella a cikin Yarinyar Italiya a Algiers, Rosina da Cinderella, Romeo a Capuleti da Montagues da Adalgisa a Norma sun kasance daidai.

A cikin wannan 1948, Simionato ya sadu da Callas. Juliet ta yi waƙar Mignon a Venice, kuma Maria ta rera Tristan da Isolde. Abota ta gaskiya ta tashi tsakanin mawaƙa. Sau da yawa sun yi tare: a cikin "Anna Boleyn" sun kasance Anna da Giovanna Seymour, a "Norma" - Norma da Adalgisa, a "Aida" - Aida da Amneris. Simionato ya tuna: “Maria da Renata Tebaldi ne kaɗai suka kira ni Giulia, ba Juliet ba.”

A cikin 1950s, Giulietta Simionato ya ci Austria. Alakar ta da bikin Salzburg, inda ta yi ta rera waka a karkashin sandar Herbert von Karajan, kuma Opera Vienna tana da karfi sosai. Orpheus nata a cikin wasan opera na Gluck a cikin 1959, wanda aka kama a cikin rikodin, ya kasance mafi kyawun shaidar haɗin gwiwa tare da Karajan.

Simionato ya kasance mai fasaha na duniya: "tsarki" matsayin mezzo-sopranos a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Verdi - Azucena, Ulrika, Princess Eboli, Amneris - ya yi mata aiki da kuma rawar a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na romantic bel canto. Ita ce Preciosilla mai wasa a cikin Ƙarfin Ƙaddara da kuma Ma'aiki mai ban dariya da sauri a Falstaff. Ta kasance a cikin tarihin wasan opera a matsayin kyakkyawar Carmen da Charlotte a Werther, Laura a La Gioconda, Santuzza a cikin Rustic Honour, Gimbiya de Bouillon a Adrienne Lecouvrere da Gimbiya a Sister Angelica. Babban mahimmancin aikinta yana da alaƙa da fassarar rawar soprano na Valentina a cikin Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots. Mawaƙin Italiya kuma ya rera Marina Mnishek da Marfa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Mussorgsky. Amma a cikin shekarun da ta yi tsayin daka, Simionato ta yi wasan operas ta Monteverdi, Handel, Cimarosa, Mozart, Gluck, Bartok, Honegger, Richard Strauss. Repertoire nata ya kai alkaluman astronomical: 132 matsayin a cikin ayyukan marubuta 60.

Ta sami babban nasara na sirri a Berlioz's Les Troyens (na farko a La Scala) a cikin 1960. A 1962, ta shiga cikin wasan bankwana na Maria Callas a kan mataki na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Milan: Medea Cherubini, kuma tsoffin abokai sun kasance. tare, Maria a matsayin Medea, Juliet a cikin rawar Neris. A cikin wannan shekarar, Simionato ya bayyana a matsayin Pirene a cikin De Falla's Atlantis (ta bayyana ta a matsayin "madaidaici kuma ba wasan kwaikwayo"). A cikin 1964, ta rera Azucena a Il trovatore a Covent Garden, wasan kwaikwayo da Luchino Visconti ya shirya. Ganawa da Maria sake - wannan lokaci a Paris, a 1965, a Norma.

A cikin Janairu 1966, Giulietta Simionato ya bar wasan opera. Ayyukanta na ƙarshe ya faru ne a cikin ƙaramin ɓangaren Servilia a cikin wasan opera na Mozart "The Mercy of Titus" akan mataki na Teatro Piccola Scala. Tana da shekara 56 kacal kuma tana cikin kyakkyawar murya da siffa ta zahiri. Da yawa daga cikin abokan aikinta sun rasa, ba su da hankali, kuma ba su da hikima da mutunci don ɗaukar irin wannan matakin. Simionato ya so hotonta ya kasance mai kyau a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar masu sauraro, kuma ya cimma wannan. Ficewarta daga mataki ya zo daidai da wani muhimmin yanke shawara a rayuwarta: ta auri wani sanannen likita, likitan likitan Mussolini Cesare Frugoni, wanda ya kula da ita shekaru da yawa kuma ya girme ta shekaru talatin. Bayan wannan auren da aka yi a ƙarshe shine auren farko na mawaƙin ga ɗan wasan violin Renato Carenzio (sun rabu a ƙarshen 1940s). Frugoni shima yayi aure. Ba a yi saki a Italiya a lokacin ba. Auren nasu ya yiwu sai bayan rasuwar matarsa ​​ta farko. An kaddara su zauna tare har tsawon shekaru 12. Frugoni ya mutu a shekara ta 1978. Simionato ya sake yin aure, yana danganta rayuwarta tare da tsohuwar aboki, masanin masana'antu Florio De Angeli; An kaddara ta za ta rayu da shi: ya rasu a shekarar 1996.

Shekaru arba'in da hudu daga mataki, daga tafi da magoya baya: Giulietta Simionato ta zama almara a lokacin rayuwarta. Labarin yana da rai, kyakkyawa da dabara. Sau da yawa ta zauna a kan juri na gasar gasa. A wurin bikin karrama Carl Böhm a bikin Salzburg a 1979, ta rera wakar Cherubino aria “Voi che sapete” daga Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro. A cikin 1992, lokacin da darekta Bruno Tosi ya kafa Maria Callas Society, ta zama shugabanta mai daraja. A cikin 1995, ta yi bikin cikarta shekaru 95 a kan mataki na La Scala Theater. Tafiya ta ƙarshe da Simionato ya yi a cikin shekaru 2005, a cikin XNUMX, an sadaukar da ita ga Maria: ba za ta iya taimakawa wajen girmama tare da kasancewarta bikin buɗe hukuma ta hanyar tafiya a bayan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na La Fenice a Venice don girmama babban mawaƙa. kuma tsohon aboki.

“Ba na jin bacin rai ko nadama. Na ba da duk abin da zan iya don aiki na. Lamirina yana cikin kwanciyar hankali.” Wannan shine daya daga cikin kalamanta na karshe da ta bayyana a rubuce. Giulietta Simionato ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mahimman mezzo-sopranos na ƙarni na ashirin. Ita ce magada ta halitta na Catalan Conchita Supervia mara misaltuwa, wacce aka ba da lamuni da sake farfado da repertoire na Rossini don ƙarancin muryar mace. Amma ban mamaki matsayin Verdi ya ci nasara Simionato ba kadan ba. Muryarta ba ta da girma sosai, amma mai haske, na musamman a cikin katako, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, kuma ta ƙware da fasahar baiwa mutum taɓawa ga duk ayyukan da ta yi. Babbar makaranta, babban ƙarfin murya: Simionato ta tuna yadda ta taɓa tafiya a mataki na 13 a jere dare, a Norma a Milan da Barber na Seville a Roma. “A karshen wasan kwaikwayon, na garzaya zuwa tashar, inda suke jira in ba da siginar jirgin ya tashi. A cikin jirgin kasa, na cire kayan shafa na. Mace mai ban sha'awa, mutum mai rai, kyakkyawa, dabara, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo na mata tare da ban dariya. Simionato ta san yadda za ta yarda da gazawarta. Ba ta damu da nasarorin da ta samu ba, tana tattara gashin gashi "kamar yadda sauran mata ke tattara kayan tarihi", a cikin kalmominta, ta yarda cewa tana da kishi kuma tana son yin tsegumi game da cikakkun bayanan rayuwar abokan hamayyarta. Ba ta ji ba ko nadama. Domin ta sami damar yin rayuwa daidai gwargwado kuma ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin tunawa da mutanen zamaninta da zuriyarta a matsayin kyakkyawa, abin ban tsoro, yanayin jituwa da hikima.