Evgeny Fyodorovich Stankovych |
Yevhen Stankovych
A cikin galaxy na Ukrainian composers na 70s. E. Stankovich yana daya daga cikin shugabannin. Asalinsa ya ta'allaka ne, da farko, a cikin manyan ra'ayoyi, ra'ayoyi, ɗaukar nauyin matsalolin rayuwa, tsarin kiɗan su, kuma a ƙarshe a cikin matsayi na jama'a, a cikin daidaituwar ra'ayi, a cikin gwagwarmaya (ba alama ba - na gaske! ) tare da jami'an kiɗa.
Ana kiran Stankevich a matsayin "sabon labarun almara". Wataƙila wannan ba gaskiya ba ne, domin ba ya ɗaukar tatsuniyoyi a matsayin hanyar shigar da wannan ko wancan hoton. A gare shi wani nau'i ne na samuwa, sifa mai mahimmanci. Don haka karimcin amfani da jigogi da hotuna na jama'a, wanda aka nisanta su ta hanyar sahihan hangen nesa na zamani na duniya a cikin dukkan sarƙaƙƙiya, juzu'i, da rashin daidaituwa.
Stankovich aka haife shi a cikin karamin Transcarpathian garin Svalyava. Makarantar kiɗa, makarantar kiɗa, sabis a cikin sahu na Sojan Soviet. Bayan demobilization, ya zama dalibi a Kyiv Conservatory (1965). Domin shekaru 3 na karatu a cikin aji na B. Lyatoshinsky Stankovich gudanar da imbue ya sosai halin kirki ka'idar: zama gaskiya a cikin art da kuma ayyuka. Bayan mutuwar malamin, Stankovich ya koma cikin aji na M. Skorik, wanda ya ba da kyakkyawan makaranta na kwarewa.
Duk abin da ke cikin kiɗa yana ƙarƙashin Stankovich. Ya mallaki duk nau'ikan fasahar tsara kayan zamani. Dodecaphony, aleatoric, sonorous effects, collage ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar mawaki, amma babu inda suka zama manufa mai cin gashin kansa.
Tun lokacin karatunsa, Stankovich yana rubuce-rubuce da yawa kuma a fannoni daban-daban, amma an ƙirƙira mafi mahimmancin ayyukan a cikin nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayo da kiɗan kiɗa: Sinfonietta, 5 symphonies, ballets Olga da Prometheus, opera na jama'a Lokacin da Fern Blooms - waɗannan da sauran ayyukan suna da alamar asali, siffofi na musamman.
Wasan kwaikwayo na farko ("Sinfonia larga") don kayan kirtani 15 (1973) wani lamari ne da ba kasafai ake yin zagayowar motsi guda ɗaya ba a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Waɗannan su ne zurfafa tunani na falsafa da kuma lyrical tunani, inda Stankovich kyauta a matsayin polyphonist aka bayyana a fili.
A cikin galaxy na Ukrainian composers na 70s. E. Stankovich yana daya daga cikin shugabannin. Asalinsa ya ta'allaka ne, da farko, a cikin manyan ra'ayoyi, ra'ayoyi, ɗaukar nauyin matsalolin rayuwa, tsarin kiɗan su, kuma a ƙarshe a cikin matsayi na jama'a, a cikin daidaituwar ra'ayi, a cikin gwagwarmaya (ba alama ba - na gaske! ) tare da jami'an kiɗa.
Ana kiran Stankevich a matsayin "sabon labarun almara". Wataƙila wannan ba gaskiya ba ne, domin ba ya ɗaukar tatsuniyoyi a matsayin hanyar shigar da wannan ko wancan hoton. A gare shi wani nau'i ne na samuwa, sifa mai mahimmanci. Don haka karimcin amfani da jigogi da hotuna na jama'a, wanda aka nisanta su ta hanyar sahihan hangen nesa na zamani na duniya a cikin dukkan sarƙaƙƙiya, juzu'i, da rashin daidaituwa.
Stankovich aka haife shi a cikin karamin Transcarpathian garin Svalyava. Makarantar kiɗa, makarantar kiɗa, sabis a cikin sahu na Sojan Soviet. Bayan demobilization, ya zama dalibi a Kyiv Conservatory (1965). Domin shekaru 3 na karatu a cikin aji na B. Lyatoshinsky Stankovich gudanar da imbue ya sosai halin kirki ka'idar: zama gaskiya a cikin art da kuma ayyuka. Bayan mutuwar malamin, Stankovich ya koma cikin aji na M. Skorik, wanda ya ba da kyakkyawan makaranta na kwarewa.
Duk abin da ke cikin kiɗa yana ƙarƙashin Stankovich. Ya mallaki duk nau'ikan fasahar tsara kayan zamani. Dodecaphony, aleatoric, sonorous effects, collage ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar mawaki, amma babu inda suka zama manufa mai cin gashin kansa.
Tun lokacin karatunsa, Stankovich yana rubuce-rubuce da yawa kuma a fannoni daban-daban, amma an ƙirƙira mafi mahimmancin ayyukan a cikin nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayo da kiɗan kiɗa: Sinfonietta, 5 symphonies, ballets Olga da Prometheus, opera na jama'a Lokacin da Fern Blooms - waɗannan da sauran ayyukan suna da alamar asali, siffofi na musamman.
Wasan kwaikwayo na farko ("Sinfonia larga") don kayan kirtani 15 (1973) wani lamari ne da ba kasafai ake yin zagayowar motsi guda ɗaya ba a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Waɗannan su ne zurfafa tunani na falsafa da kuma lyrical tunani, inda Stankovich kyauta a matsayin polyphonist aka bayyana a fili.
Gaba ɗaya daban-daban, hotuna masu karo da juna sun mamaye Symphony na biyu ("Jarumi") (1975), wanda aka rufe, a cikin kalmomin mawaƙa, ta "alamar wuta" na Babban Yaƙin Patriotic.
A cikin 1976, Symphony na Uku ("An Tabbatar da Ni") ya bayyana - zane-zane mai girma na falsafa-fasafi mai girman kashi shida, wanda aka gabatar da mawaƙa. A babbar dukiya na hotuna, abun da ke ciki mafita, arziki m dramaturgy bambanta wannan aikin, culminating a cikin juyin halitta na Stankovich aiki. Bambancin na Uku shine Symphony na Hudu, wanda aka ƙirƙira bayan shekara guda (“Sinfonia lirisa”), bayanin mawaƙa na girmamawa. A ƙarshe, na ƙarshe, na biyar (“Pastoral Symphony”) furci ne na waƙar waƙa, tunani kan yanayi da matsayin mutum a cikinsa (1980). Saboda haka gajerun motifs-chants da alamun tatsuniyoyi kai tsaye, da wuya ga Stankovich.
Tare da manyan ra'ayoyi, Stankevich sau da yawa yakan juya zuwa maganganun ɗakin. Miniatures, wanda aka tsara don ƙananan ƙungiyar masu yin wasan kwaikwayo, yana ba wa mai yin waƙa damar isar da canje-canjen yanayi nan take, aiwatar da mafi ƙarancin bayanai na tsarin, haskaka hotuna daga kusurwoyi daban-daban kuma, godiya ga fasaha na gaske, ƙirƙirar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙira, watakila game da mafi kusanci. (Matakin kamala kuma yana tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin 1985 Hukumar Kiɗa ta UNESCO mai suna Stankovic's Third Chamber Symphony (1982) a cikin 10 mafi kyawun abubuwan ƙira a duniya.)
Har ila yau, Stankovich yana sha'awar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa, fiye da kowa ta hanyar damar da za ta taba tarihi. Wasan opera na jama'a Lokacin da fern Blooms (1979) ba sabon abu bane a cikin tunaninsa. Wannan jerin al'amuran cikin gida ne da na al'ada da aka yi niyya don wasan raye-raye ta shahararrun mawakan Ukrainian Jahar Ukrainian a duniya. G. igiyoyi. A cikin haɗe-haɗe na ingantattun samfuran almara da kiɗan marubuci: an haifi wani nau'in wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa - ba tare da makirci ba, kusa da suite.
An samo wasu tsarin tsarin kayan aiki a cikin ballets Olga (1982) da Prometheus (1985). Manyan al'amuran tarihi, hotuna daban-daban da labaran labarai suna ciyar da ƙasa don aiwatar da manyan wasannin kida. A cikin kiɗa na ballet "Olga" labarun labaru daban-daban suna ba da ra'ayoyi iri-iri: a nan akwai al'amuran jarumtaka-ban mamaki, al'amuran soyayya masu tausayi, da al'adun gargajiya. Wannan shi ne, watakila, mafi dimokuradiyya abun da ke ciki na Stankovich, domin, kamar babu inda kuma, da melodic farkon ne yadu amfani a nan.
Wasu a cikin Prometheus. Ba kamar makircin giciye na "Olga", akwai jirage 2 a nan: na gaske da na alama. Mawaƙin ya ɗauki aiki mafi wahala: ƙaddamar da jigon babban juyin gurguzu na Oktoba ta hanyar kiɗa.
An taimake shi don kauce wa banality, madaidaiciya, da clichés ba kawai ta hanyar fassarar soyayya na siffofi na alama ba (Prometheus, 'yarsa Iskra), amma, da farko, ta hanyar ci gaba mai ban mamaki na jigogi, harshe na zamani ba tare da izini ga dokokin ba. nau'in. Maganin kiɗan ya juya ya zama zurfi fiye da layin waje. Musamman kusa da mawaƙin shine siffar Prometheus, wanda ya kawo alheri ga ’yan Adam kuma zai sha wahala har abada don wannan aikin. Har ila yau, shirin wasan ballet yana da fa'ida domin ya ba da damar tura duniyoyi biyu tare. Godiya ga wannan, wani abu mai rikice-rikice ya taso, tare da haɓaka mai ƙarfi na ban mamaki da waƙoƙi, zagi da bala'i na gaske.
"Don haɓaka" ɗan adam a cikin mutum ", don yin duniyar tunaninsa, hankalinsa yana amsawa cikin sauƙi ga "alamomin kira" na wasu mutane. Sa'an nan tsarin shiga, tausayi ba kawai zai ba ku damar fahimtar ainihin aikin ba, amma zai sa masu sauraro su fuskanci matsalolin yau. Wannan bayanin da Stankovych ya yi daidai yana nuna matsayinsa na jama'a kuma ya bayyana ma'anar ayyukansa na aiki (sakataren kungiyar mawaƙa na USSR da sakataren farko na Union of Composers na Ukrainian SSR, mataimakin Babban Soviet na Ukrainian SSR). , Mataimakin mutane na USSR), makasudin wanda shine yin kyau.
S. Filstein
