Tarihin gabobin

Organ – kayan kida na musamman mai dogon tarihi. Mutum na iya yin magana game da gabobin kawai a cikin superlatives: mafi girma a cikin girman, mafi ƙarfi dangane da ƙarfin sauti, tare da mafi girman sautin sauti da babbar wadatar timbres. Shi ya sa ake kiransa "sarkin kayan kida".

Fitowar gabobi

An yi la'akari da sarewar Pan, wanda ya fara bayyana a tsohuwar Girka, a matsayin tushen gabobin zamani. Akwai tatsuniyar cewa allahn namun daji, makiyaya da kiwo Pan ya ƙirƙira sabon kayan kida don kansa ta hanyar haɗa bututun reed da yawa masu girma dabam don fitar da kida mai ban sha'awa yayin da yake jin daɗi tare da nymphs masu nishadi a cikin kwaruruka na alfarma. Don samun nasarar kunna irin wannan kayan aiki, ana buƙatar babban ƙoƙarin jiki da tsarin numfashi mai kyau. Sabili da haka, don sauƙaƙe aikin mawaƙa a cikin karni na XNUMX BC, Girkanci Ctesibius ya ƙirƙira wani ɓangaren ruwa ko hydraulics, wanda ake la'akari da samfurin zamani na zamani.

Ci gaban gabobi

An inganta sashin jiki koyaushe kuma a cikin karni na XNUMX ya fara ginawa a duk faɗin Turai. Gine-ginen jiki ya kai kololuwa a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX-XNUMXth a Jamus, inda ayyukan kiɗa don ƙungiyar suka kirkira ta hanyar manyan mawaƙa kamar Johann Sebastian Bach da Dietrich Buxtehude, mashahuran mawaƙa na kiɗan gaɓa.

Gabobin sun bambanta ba kawai a cikin kyau da nau'in sauti ba, amma har ma a cikin gine-gine da kayan ado - kowane kayan kida yana da wani mutum, an halicce shi don takamaiman ayyuka, kuma ya dace da yanayin ciki na ɗakin. Sai kawai ɗakin da ke da kyawawan acoustics ya dace da sashin jiki. Ba kamar sauran kayan kida ba, yanayin sautin gaɓoɓin ba ya dogara ne akan jiki, amma akan sararin da yake cikinsa.

Sautunan gabobi ba za su iya barin kowa da kowa ba, suna shiga zurfafa cikin zuciya, suna haifar da yanayi iri-iri, suna sa ka yi tunani game da raunin rayuwa kuma su karkatar da tunaninka zuwa ga Allah. Saboda haka, gabobin sun kasance a ko'ina a cikin majami'u na Katolika da Cathedrals, mafi kyawun mawaƙa sun rubuta kiɗa mai tsarki kuma suna wasa da gabobin da hannayensu, misali, Johann Sebastian Bach.

A Rasha, gaɓoɓin na kayan aikin zamani ne, tun da a al'adance a cikin majami'un Orthodox an hana sautin kiɗa yayin ibada.

gabobin zamani

Gaban gabobin yau tsari ne mai sarkakiya. Dukansu kayan kida ne na iska da na madannai, suna da madannai na feda, madannai na hannu da yawa, ɗaruruwan rajista kuma daga ɗaruruwa zuwa fiye da bututu dubu talatin. Bututu sun bambanta a tsayi, diamita, nau'in tsari da kayan aiki. Suna iya zama tagulla, gubar, gwangwani, ko allurai iri-iri irin su dalma. Tsarin hadaddun yana ba da damar gabobin don samun sauti mai yawa a cikin sauti da katako da kuma samun wadataccen tasirin sauti. Gabar na iya yin koyi da wasa da wasu kayan kida, shi ya sa ake kwatanta ta da ƙungiyar mawaƙa. Mafi girma gabobin a Amurka yana cikin Boardwalk Concert Hall a Atlantic City. Yana da maɓallan hannu guda 7, bututu 33112 da rajista 455.

Ba za a iya kwatanta sautin gabobin da duk wani kayan kida ba har ma da makada na kade-kade. Sautunanta masu ƙarfi, daɗaɗɗen, waɗanda ba a faɗowa ba suna aiki a kan ruhin mutum nan take, mai zurfi da ban mamaki, ga alama zuciya tana shirin ɓata daga kyawun kiɗan Ubangiji, sararin sama zai buɗe kuma asirin rayuwa, wanda ba zai iya fahimta ba har sai wannan. lokacin, zai bude.