Ballet na zamani: Boris Eifman gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Idan a taqaice muka yi qoqarin bayyana yanayin wasan ballet a qarshen karni na 20 da 21, to lallai ne mu ce a yau akwai ballet na ilimi da raye-rayen jama’a da duk wani abu da ya kamata a ce da shi na zamani. Kuma a nan, a cikin ballet na zamani, akwai irin wannan bambancin da za ku iya rasa.

Don samun kanka, za ku iya magana game da ballet daga ƙasashe daban-daban, ku tuna masu wasan kwaikwayo na zamani, amma watakila hanya mafi kyau ita ce fara magana game da mawallafin mawaƙa, mutanen da ke cikin duniyar ballet waɗanda a zahiri ke haifar da shi koyaushe.

Kuma waɗanda suka fahimci nasu ra'ayoyin choreographic zai zama musamman ban sha'awa. Irin wannan mawaƙa shine mazaunin St. ). Kuma a nan ne za mu iya kawo karshen tarihin Eifman, saboda abin da ya yi da kuma abin da yake yi ya fi ban sha'awa.

Game da dalilai na sirri

Akwai sanannen magana cewa gine-ginen kiɗa ne daskararre, amma ballet shine sautin kiɗan a cikin ƙara, motsi da filastik. Ko kuma - gine-gine masu tasowa, ko zanen rawa. Gabaɗaya, wannan yana nufin cewa yana da sauƙi a ɗauke shi kuma a kamu da son ballet, amma ba zai yuwu a daina soyayya daga baya ba.

Kuma yana da kyau lokacin da za ku iya rubuta game da wani abu, a cikin wannan yanayin ballet, daga hangen nesa na mai son. Domin, domin a dauke ku gwani, kuna buƙatar amfani da harshe na ƙwararru, sharuɗɗa (lifts, pas de deux, pas de trois, da dai sauransu), tabbatar da kimar ku, nuna hangen nesa na ballet, da dai sauransu.

Wani al'amari ne na daban ga mai son wanda zai iya nuna sabon kallon wani sabon abu, kuma idan babu isassun hujja, lura: da kyau, lafiya, zan kara koyo. Kuma abin da ke da mahimmanci shine magana game da ra'ayi na sirri, amma babban abu ba shine abin dariya ba.

Marubucin ya fara cin karo da ballets na Boris Eifman a tsakiyar 80s. karni na karshe a cikin abin da yake a lokacin Leningrad, kuma tun daga lokacin, kamar yadda suke faɗa, ya zama "ƙauna ga sauran rayuwata."

Menene Eifman ke da shi wanda wasu ba su da shi?

Ko a lokacin da ya kira gidan wasan kwaikwayonsa kawai rukunin wasan ballet wanda B. Eifman (marigayi 70s) ya jagoranta, har yanzu abubuwan da ya yi sun yi fice. Matashin mawaƙin mawaƙa ya zaɓi waƙa na matakin farko na musamman don wasan kwaikwayonsa: manyan kida, da kiɗan zamani waɗanda ke da ban sha'awa da gamsarwa. Ta nau'i-nau'i - symphonic, opera, kayan aiki, ɗakin gida, da suna - Mozart, Rossini, Tchaikovsky, Shostakovich, Bach, Schnittke, Petrov, Pink Floyd, McLaughlin - kuma wannan ba duka ba ne.

Eifman's ballets suna da ma'ana sosai, sau da yawa don abubuwan da ya yi, mawaƙin mawaƙa yana ɗaukar makirci daga wallafe-wallafen gargajiya, daga cikin sunayen akwai Kuprin, Beaumarchais, Shakespeare, Bulgakov, Moliere, Dostoevsky, ko kuma waɗannan na iya zama abubuwan kirkire-kirkire da tarihin rayuwa, in ji, alaƙa da sculptor. Rodin, ballerina Olga Spesivtseva , mawaki Tchaikovsky.

Eifman yana son bambance-bambance; A cikin wasan kwaikwayo guda ɗaya yana iya nuna kiɗa daga mawaƙa daban-daban, zamani da salo (Tchaikovsky-Bizet-Schnittke, Rachmaninov-Wagner-Mussorgsky). Ko kuma wani sanannen makircin adabi za a iya fassara shi da wasu kiɗa ("Aure na Figaro" - Rossini, "Hamlet" - Brahms, "The Duel" - Gavrilin).

Game da abubuwan da ke cikin wasan kwaikwayon Eifman, wajibi ne a yi magana game da ruhaniya mai girma, motsin rai da sha'awar, ka'idar falsafa. Yawancin wasan kwaikwayo na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ballet sun ƙunshi makirci, amma wannan ba "ballet wasan kwaikwayo" na 60-70s; Waɗannan abubuwa ne da suka faru, masu wadatar zurfafa tunani da samun fassarar filastik.

Game da farkon salo na Eifman

Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na tarihin tarihin Eifman shi ne cewa bai taba yin rawa ba, bai yi wasa a kan mataki ba, ya fara aikin kirkire-kirkire nan da nan a matsayin mawaƙa (wasan kwaikwayo na farko yana da shekaru 16 a cikin ƙungiyar choreographic na yara), sannan kuma ya yi aiki a wurin. Makarantar Choreographic. A. Vaganova (Leningrad). Wannan yana nufin cewa Eifman yana da tushe na ilimi; wani abu kuma shine a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ballet ya fara neman wani abu daban.

Ba shi yiwuwa a yi magana game da filastik da choreography na ballets na Eifman a ware daga kiɗa da abun ciki na wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan wani nau'i ne na haɗin kai na ruhi, sauti, motsi, motsi da taron.

Saboda haka, ba shi da amfani a nemi wasu matakan ballet da aka saba; duk lokacin da ya rage jin cewa duk wani motsi na ballet a Eifman shine kaɗai kuma.

Idan muka ce wannan fassarar kiɗa ce ta filastik, to, zai zama mummunan ga Eifman da masu rawansa, amma idan muka ce wannan "fassarar" motsi ne da filastik a cikin kiɗa, to wannan zai yiwu ya zama daidai. Kuma ma mafi daidai: maestro's ballets wani nau'i ne na kiɗa, rawa da wasan kwaikwayo.

Me Eifman bai samu ba tukuna?

A cikin St. Ana yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan matakai na mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na St. Petersburg, kawai kuna buƙatar kula da hotuna.

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Eifman Ballet bashi da nasa makada na kade-kade; ana yin wasan kwaikwayo tare da sautin sauti, amma wannan ka'ida ce ta fasaha: rikodi mai inganci da mafi kyawun ƙungiyar makaɗa ke yi ko kuma sautin shirye-shirye na musamman da aka ƙirƙira. Ko da yake sau daya a birnin Moscow daya daga cikin wasannin ya kasance ya zira kwallaye ta hanyar kade-kade na kade-kade da Yu. Bashmet.

Har yanzu Eifman bai sami sanin duniya ba (kamar, a ce, Petipa, Fokine, Balanchine), amma ya riga ya shahara a duniya. Wani mai sukar mai iko ya rubuta cewa duniyar ballet na iya dakatar da neman mawaƙin mawaƙa na lamba ɗaya saboda ta riga ta wanzu: Boris Eifman.

Masu raye-rayen Eifman suma ba su da masaniya a duniya, amma suna iya yin komai a cikin salon wasan ballet, zaku iya tabbatar da hakan cikin sauƙi lokacin da kuke halartar wasan kwaikwayo na ballet. Ga sunayen manyan raye-raye na 5 na gidan wasan kwaikwayo: Vera Arbuzova, Elena Kuzmina, Yuri Ananyan, Albert Galichanin da Igor Markov.

Eifman ba shi da damuwa, ba shi da sha'awar kawo karshen aikinsa a matsayin mawaƙa, wanda ke nufin za a sami ƙarin sababbin wasanni da sababbin abubuwan fasaha.

A halin yanzu, dole ne ku yi ƙoƙarin zuwa wasan kwaikwayo na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ballet a St. Kuma ko da daga gutsure na wasanni ya bayyana a fili cewa Boris Eifman wani abu ne na gaske a duniyar zamani, a'a, ba ballet ba, amma fasaha, inda kiɗa, wallafe-wallafe, wasan kwaikwayo ta hanyar filastik da motsin rai suna magana game da ka'idodin ruhaniya masu girma.

Yanar Gizo na Boris Eifman Ballet Theater - http://www.eifmanballet.ru/ru/schedule/