Tarihin Gitar

Gita shine kayan kida mafi shahara a duniya. A yau, babu kida guda ɗaya na kiɗan kai tsaye da zai iya yin ba tare da shi ba. Shi ya sa muke son ba ku labarin tarihin guitar. Yana da kyau duka a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar makaɗa, band ko ƙungiyar kiɗa, kuma a cikin motsa jiki guda ɗaya, inda mawaƙi zai iya jin daɗin yin wasa shi kaɗai tare da kansa.

Kayan aikin yana zuwa ga irin wannan daukaka fiye da karni daya.

Ƙarin game da guitar

A cikin ma'ana mafi fa'ida, kowane guitar na'urar mawaƙa ce, ana samun sautin ne sakamakon girgizar igiyar da aka shimfiɗa tsakanin maki biyu. Irin waɗannan samfuran an san su tun zamanin da. Sun riga sun kasance a cikin tsohuwar wayewar Masar har ma a baya - a cikin al'adun Rumunan noma na jan karfe da tagulla. Masana tarihi na guitar na kayan kida suna cikin dangin lute, tun da yake ba kawai jiki ba ne, amma har ma da fretboard , wanda aka ɗaure igiyoyi da yatsunsu.

Tarihin kayan kida

Waɗanda ke gaba da gitar su ne kayan kida, waɗanda a lokacin ba su da wuya: cithara da zither. An buga su a zamanin d Misira da tsohuwar Girka, kuma daga baya a Roma. Tare da zuwan dogon kunkuntar wuyansa, buƙatar mai ƙarfi resonator ya taso. Da farko, an yi shi ne daga tasoshin ruwa da sauran abubuwa masu ƙarfi: harsashi na kunkuru, busassun 'ya'yan itacen kabewa, ko guntun katako na katako. Wani akwati na katako, wanda ya ƙunshi allunan sauti na sama da na ƙasa da bangon bango (harsashi), an ƙirƙira shi a tsohuwar kasar Sin a farkon karni na 1 AD.

Daga can, wannan ra'ayin ya yi ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen Larabawa, wanda ke kunshe a cikin guitar Moorish, kuma a cikin karni na 8th-9th ya zo Turai.

Asalin sunan

Guitar tana da sunanta ga yaren Latin kamar yadda aka karɓa gabaɗaya lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Zamani. Kalmar Helenanci "cithara", wanda mutane kaɗan a Turai za su iya karantawa bayan rushewar Daular Roma ta Yamma, sakamakon haka an fassara shi zuwa Latin cithara. Bayan lokaci, Latin kuma ya sami canje-canje - kalmar tana da nau'i na quitaire, kuma a cikin harsunan Romano-Jamus sun fara sauti kamar guitar.

A tarihi, kayan kida masu zare-zage sun ja hankalin mafi yawan magoya baya saboda saukin su da farin ciki. Kuma guitar ce ta fara zama daidai. A karo na farko, guitar, a cikin al'ada, ya bayyana a Spain, a tsakiyar karni na 6, shi ne abin da ake kira guitar Latin. Masana tarihi sun yi iƙirarin cewa tushen gitar na gargajiya ya tafi Gabas ta Tsakiya, a matsayin kayan aikin da ke da alaƙa da lute. Kalmar "guitar" kanta ta fito ne daga haɗakar tsoffin kalmomi guda biyu: "sangita" - kiɗa da "tar" - kirtani. Nassoshi na farko da aka rubuta game da wannan kayan kida a ƙarƙashin sunan "guitar" sun bayyana a ƙarni na 13. Kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, dogon juyin halitta na kiɗa ya fara, irin wannan kayan aikin da aka sani a gare mu.

A cikin Turai, har zuwa ƙarshen Renaissance, samfuran kirtani 4 ne suka mamaye tsakanin gitar. Gitar mai kirtani 5 ta fara bayyana a Italiya kusan lokaci guda. Guda iri ɗaya suna da daga 8 zuwa 10 frets. Amma a cikin ci gaban gine-ginen guitar, yawan frets da ake amfani da su wajen wasa ya karu zuwa 10, sannan zuwa 12. Duk da haka, guitars masu kirtani shida sun bayyana ne kawai a cikin karni na 7, kuma kawai a farkon karni na 19. guitar samun ta saba form.

Daban-daban salon kiɗa, kayan aiki daban-daban don gini da sabbin fasahohi sun haifar da nau'ikan nau'ikan gita na zamani. Ga kowane salon, akwai kayan aiki wanda ya dace da buƙatun da aka bayyana. A cikin duniyar zamani, bisa la'akari da nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan kayan aiki, ba shi da wahala a saya guitar.

Na farko kuma mai yiwuwa mafi yawan nau'in guitar shine na gargajiya. Ba don kome ba ne ake kira irin wannan guitar "classical", saboda bayyanarsa, shimfidawa da zane ba su canzawa bayan shekarun da suka gabata. Irin wannan guitar yana da wuyan wuyansa, kuma, saboda haka, nisa tsakanin igiyoyi, wanda ke ba ka damar yin sassa na kiɗa na ilimi cikin dacewa. Timbre mai laushi na wannan kayan aiki ya dace da kyau a cikin ma'auni na ƙungiyar mawaƙa, kuma kauri na wuyansa yana ba ku damar yin daidaitattun saitin hannun hagu lokacin wasa.

Nau'in guitar na gaba shine gitar mai sauti, ko kuma kawai "acoustics". A jere, a duniya babu wanda ko da yaushe bai rike acoustics a hannunsa. Ana amfani da wannan guitar sosai a tsakanin mawaƙa na kowane nau'i - daga karfe zuwa hip-hop. Irin wannan yaduwa na irin wannan nau'in guitar ya faru ne saboda sauƙi da sauƙi, ƙarar da kuma dacewa da kayan aiki. Wannan guitar tana haɗo ingantacciyar rawa da kuzari tare da dacewa da multitasking. Babu ƙuntatawa ga irin wannan guitar - ana iya amfani da shi don yin waƙoƙin bard a kusa da wuta, yin a filayen wasanni na dubban mutane, ko shirya abin rakiya don yin rikodi na gaba.

Tarihin gitar lantarki

Babban alkuki tsakanin duk gita yana shagaltar da gitatan lantarki. Waɗannan sun haɗa da gitar bass. A karon farko, guitar irin wannan ya bayyana a kasuwa mai fadi a cikin 1931, wanda Adolf Rickenbacker ya tsara. Gitarar wutar lantarki suna samun suna daga hanyar da suke samar da sauti - ana watsa girgizar igiyoyin zuwa magnet (wanda ake kira pickups), sannan zuwa amplifier, suna samar da sauti na ƙarshe. Wannan hanyar tana buɗe dama mara iyaka a cikin amfani da guitar. Daga wannan rana ta fara tsayi mai tsawo, cike da manyan sunaye, hanyar guitar guitars.

Duk wani mawaƙi ya san irin nau'ikan gitar lantarki kamar "Gibson" da "Fender". Waɗannan kamfanoni ne suka saita sautin gabaɗaya a ginin guitar, suna ɗaukar manyan mukamai har yau. Sama da shekaru 60, Gibson ya samar da samfurin Les Paul, mai suna bayan mai tsara ta. Wannan samfurin yana da sautin da ake iya ganewa kuma ana amfani dashi a kusan dukkanin nau'o'in, daga blues zuwa karfe na zamani.

Duk da haka, kar ka manta cewa tare da ci gaban guitars da kayan aiki a gare su, sababbin nau'ikan sun bayyana waɗanda ke buƙatar sabbin hanyoyin fasaha. Fitowar sanannen nau'in dutsen da nadi ya shahara da gitar wutar lantarki kuma ya kafa su a matsayin kayan kida masu iya sassaƙa sauti mai ƙarfi da ɗaci. Bugu da ari, an rarraba su zuwa nau'o'i, masu guitar sun fara fifita nau'ikan nau'ikan gitar lantarki daban-daban, kamar dai suna saita sautin don duk kwararar kiɗan. Alal misali, a ƙarshen 80s na karni na ashirin, abin da ake kira "gitar karfe" ya bayyana.

Gita na karfe yana da siriri ergonomic wuyansa, lantarki mai ƙarfi, katako mai ƙarfi da ƙira mai tsauri. Gitaran gubar ƙarfe galibi ana sanye su da tsarin tremolo na musamman na hanyoyi biyu don faɗaɗa kewayon kiɗan mai kunnawa. Hakanan, don nau'ikan nau'ikan da suka yi yawa, kayan kida tare da adadin adadin kirtani - daga 7 zuwa 10 zuwa XNUMX. Game da ƙira, da yawa na musamman guitars na musamman waɗanda, tare da bayyanar niyya da ƙarar mai yin.

Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da Guitar

1. A cikin 1950s, ma'aikacin Gibson Les Paul ya yi matasan - gitar lantarki tare da jiki mai raɗaɗi, wanda ya ba da damar yin wasa ba tare da wutar lantarki ba. Gudanarwar ba ta da sha'awar ra'ayin, kuma an ba da ra'ayin ga mai kirkiro Leo Fender.
2. Matsayin da ya dace don kunna guitar na gargajiya (na hannun dama) shine baya madaidaiciya, ƙafar hagu yana kan tsayi na musamman, guitar yana kwance tare da lanƙwasa jiki akan cinyar ƙafar hagu. An ɗaga wuyansa har zuwa 45 °. An san shi ga mafi yawan, matsayi a kan gwiwa na dama tare da mashaya a layi daya zuwa ƙasa an dauke shi ba ilimi ba, "yadi".
3. Virtuoso guitarists, waɗanda sukan yi wasa da salo daban-daban da maɓalli a lokacin waƙa ɗaya, wani lokaci suna amfani da gita mai wuya biyu ko ma uku, kowannensu yana da igiyoyi daban-daban.

Tarihin Guitar a cikin bidiyo