Etienne Mehul |

Etienne Mehul

"Masoya suna alfahari da ku, shekarunku suna sha'awar ku, 'yan baya suna kiran ku." Wannan shine yadda Megül na zamaninsa, marubucin Marseillaise, Rouget de Lisle ke magana. L. Cherubini ya keɓe wa abokin aikinsa mafi kyawun halitta - opera "Medea" - tare da rubutun: "Citizen Megul." "Tare da goyon bayansa da abokantaka," kamar yadda Megül da kansa ya yarda, ya sami karrama shi daga babban mai kawo sauyi na matakin opera KV Gluck. Ayyukan kirkire-kirkire da zamantakewa na mawaƙin an ba da kyautar Order of the Legion of Honor, wanda aka karɓa daga hannun Napoleon. Nawa ne wannan mutumin yake nufi ga al'ummar Faransa - ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawakan kida na Babban juyin juya halin Faransa na karni na XNUMX - an tabbatar da shi ta jana'izar Megul, wanda ya haifar da babban bayyanar.

Megül ya yi matakinsa na farko a cikin kiɗa a ƙarƙashin ja-gorancin wani organist. Tun 1775, a cikin abbey na La Vale-Dieu, kusa da Givet, ya sami ƙarin ilimin kiɗa na yau da kullum, wanda V. Ganzer ya jagoranci. A ƙarshe, a cikin 1779, riga a Paris, ya kammala karatunsa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Gluck da F. Edelman. Ganawar farko da Gluck, wanda Megül da kansa ya bayyana a matsayin abin ban dariya, ya faru ne a cikin binciken mai gyara, inda matashin mawakin ya shiga cikin ɓoye don duba yadda babban mai zane yake aiki.

Rayuwa da aikin Megül suna da alaƙa sosai da al'amuran al'adu da tarihi da suka faru a Paris a ƙarshen 1793th da farkon ƙarni na 1790. Zamanin juyin juya halin Musulunci ya kayyade yanayin ayyukan kide-kide da na zamantakewar mawaki. Tare da fitattun mutanen zamaninsa F. Gossec, J. Lesueur, Ch. Catel, A. Burton, A. Jaden, B. Sarret, shi ne ya kirkiro kida don bukukuwa da bukukuwan juyin juya halin Musulunci. An zabi Megül a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙasa ta Duniya ya yi tun daga ranar kafuwarta (XNUMX) kuma daga baya, tare da canjin cibiyar zuwa ɗakin ajiya, ya koyar da wani nau'i na abun da ke ciki. . A cikin XNUMXs kusan dukkanin wasan operas ɗinsa da yawa sun tashi. A cikin shekarun daular Napoleon da Maidowa da suka biyo baya, Megül ya sami karuwar rashin jin daɗin ƙirƙira, ya rasa sha'awar ayyukan zamantakewa. Daliban masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ne kawai suka mamaye shi (mafi girma a cikinsu shine mawaƙin opera F. Herold) da… furanni. Megül mai sha'awar furen fure ne, sananne a birnin Paris a matsayin ƙwararren ƙwararren masani kuma mai kiwon tulips.

Gadon kiɗan Megul yana da yawa sosai. Ya haɗa da operas 45, ballets 5, kiɗa don wasanni masu ban mamaki, cantatas, 2 symphonies, piano da violin sonatas, ɗimbin yawan murya da ayyukan kade-kade a cikin nau'ikan waƙoƙin waƙar jama'a. Waƙoƙin operas na Megül sun shiga tarihin al'adun kiɗa. A cikin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na wasan barkwanci da waƙa (Ephrosine da Coraden – 1790, Stratonika – 1792, Joseph – 1807), mawaƙin ya bi hanyar da tsofaffin mutanen zamaninsa suka zayyana – litattafan opera Gretry, Monsigny, Gluck. Megül yana daya daga cikin na farko da ya bayyana tare da kida wani mummunan shiri na kasada, duniya mai sarkakiya da rayayye na motsin zuciyar dan adam, sabaninsu da manyan ra'ayoyin zamantakewa da rikice-rikice na zamanin juyin juya hali da ke boye a bayan duk wannan. Ƙirƙirar Megül sun ci nasara da yaren kiɗa na zamani: sauƙi da yanayin sa, dogaro da waƙoƙi da raye-rayen da kowa ya sani, dabara kuma a lokaci guda na ban mamaki na ƙungiyar makaɗa da sautin kiɗan.

Salon Megül kuma an kama shi da kyau a cikin mafi kyawun salon waƙar jama'a na 1790s, wanda sautinsa da kaɗe-kaɗensa suka shiga shafukan operas da kade-kade na Megül. Waɗannan su ne "Waƙar Maris" (ba ta ƙasa da shaharar "La Marseillaise" a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX), "Waƙar Komawa, Waƙar Nasara." Wani dattijon zamani na Beethoven, Megul ya yi tsammanin girman sonority, ƙarfin hali na kiɗan Beethoven, kuma tare da jituwa da kade-kade, kiɗan matasa na mawaƙa, wakilan farkon romanticism.

V. Ilyev