Waƙa |

Girkanci parodia, daga para - gaba, duk da kuma ode - waƙa

1) Karin gishiri, ban dariya. kwaikwayon wasu kiɗan. salo, nau'i, kiɗan mutum ɗaya. aiki. P. irin wannan nau'in an kafa shi tun karni na 17. A lokaci guda kuma, ana amfani da duk wani sabon rubutu wanda a cikin abin da ke cikinsa ya ci karo da yanayin kiɗan, da kuma kaifi, da wuce gona da iri kan kowane fasali, dabarun bayyanawa, da waƙoƙin da aka saba da su a makaranta, salon mawaƙa da aiki daban. kuma masu jituwa. juyin juya hali. Wannan. parodied diff. nau'ikan wok.-instr. kiɗa. A baya, an rarraba P. don ƙaddamarwa. samfurori na opera art. Faransa a karni na 17 da 18. kusan dukkan shahararrun wasan operas an yi wa ado; An kirkiro gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na Opera a wasu kasashe ma. 7 P. an san su da Lully's opera Attis. P. a Italiyanci. Salon wasan opera da opera-jerin na GF Handel – “Opera Mai Maroka” na J. Gay da J. Pepush sun nuna farkon Turanci. wasan opera. An ƙirƙiri wasan kwaikwayo na opera sau da yawa a cikin nau'in operetta (Offenbach's Orpheus a cikin Jahannama). Samfuran Rasha. opera parodies - Vampuka (wanda aka buga a 1909), da kuma Bogatyrs na Borodin (wanda aka buga a 1867). An halicci Rashawa. P. da sauran nau'o'in. Daga cikin su akwai romance "Classic" da wok. Mussorgsky's Rayok sake zagayowar, wok. Quartet "Serenade of hudu gentlemen to one lady" by Borodin, "Rкverie d'un faune apris la lecture de son journal" ("Mafarkin faun bayan karanta jarida") Cui na piano. (wani parody of the orc. op. Debussy "Prelude to? Afternoon of a Faun" "). Abubuwan irin wannan sun riƙe mahimmancinsu a ƙarni na 20. Ana iya sanya adadin ayyuka zuwa yankin P. cycles E. Satie. By P. sau da yawa ya koma cikin Op. DD Shostakovich (ballet The Golden Age da The Bolt, wasan opera Katerina Izmailova, operetta Moscow, Cheryomushki, zagayowar muryar Satire zuwa waƙoƙin S. Cherny, da sauransu). Ana amfani da P. a cikin zane-zane iri-iri (alal misali, P. don tambarin waƙa), a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na tsana (alal misali, a cikin T-re na tsana a ƙarƙashin jagorancin SV Obraztsov), a cikin kiɗa. fina-finai.

2) A cikin ma'ana mai zurfi, P., bisa ga harshen waje da aka yarda. terminology musicology, - halitta a kan kowane aiki na sabon abun da ke ciki wanda ya bambanta da samfurinsa a cikin manufa, salo, hali, da dai sauransu. Ya ƙunshi nau'i na sarrafawa. Bambance-bambancen shi ne cewa ana aiwatar da sarrafa shi ne don aiwatar da aikin wani mai yin. abun da ke ciki, yayin da P. shine kerawa. sabunta. Idan aka kwatanta da sakin layi, yana kusa da tushen sa na asali. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin ƙirƙirar waƙa shine sabon rubutun waƙa ko wani aiki gaba ɗaya, wanda yawanci ake kira counterfactual a ƙasashen waje (daga ƙarshen Latin contrafacio - Na yi akasin haka, na yi koyi). Wani sabon rubutun tsohon waƙa ya riga ya yadu a cikin Nar. song, incl. a lokacin “musayar” kabilanci na waƙoƙin waƙa da ke da alaƙa da fassarorin, galibi suna da bambanci sosai a ma’ana daga ainihin rubutun. Ya sami aikace-aikace a cikin waƙar Gregorian, a cikin tsarin ƙirƙirar waƙar Furotesta, lokacin da waƙoƙin waƙoƙin duniya, wani lokaci na abun ciki na “kyauta”, an haɗa su tare da matani na ruhaniya. Daga baya, ta wannan hanyar, mutane da yawa sun juya daga abin duniya zuwa ruhaniya. music prod. - chanson, madrigals, vilanelles, canzonettes. A lokaci guda kuma, manyan muryoyinsu sukan zama waƙoƙi na ruhaniya. Irin wannan bita ya yadu har ser. 17th karni P. irin wannan taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin taro na 14th-16th ƙarni, inda na duniya waƙa daga motets, madrigals, songs tare da sabon overtones, wani lokacin ba kawai na ruhaniya, amma kuma na duniya, aka yadu amfani, incl. satirical, hali ("parodic taro"), a cikin Magnificat. JS Bach ya yi amfani da irin wannan aikin a cikin aikinsa, yawancin ayyukan ruhaniya zuwa-rogo suna wakiltar sabon ma'anar ayyukansa na duniya. (misali, tushen “Easter Oratorio” shine “Makiyayi Cantata”), da kuma wani bangare GF Handel (wanda ya juya sassa biyu na Utrecht Te Deum zuwa jigon “Ka ji tausayina”). A matsayinka na mai mulki, sabon rubutun da aka samar. (alal misali, motets da madrigals waɗanda suka zama sassan taro) an haɗa su a cikin P. tare da ƙari ko žasa. reworking su music. Na dogon lokaci (har zuwa karni na 19), ma'anar zane-zane ya bazu zuwa sarrafa ayyukan, waɗanda ke da kirkira. tsoma baki a cikin ainihin su, ko da ba a haɗa su da maye gurbin tsohon rubutu da sabon abu ba (ƙara ko rage yawan muryoyin murya, maye gurbin sassan sautin murya tare da masu homophonic kuma, akasin haka, raguwa ko gabatar da ƙarin sassan). canje-canje a cikin waƙa da jituwa, da sauransu).