Zither: bayanin kayan aiki, asali, nau'ikan, yadda ake wasa

Zither kayan kida ne mai zare. A cikin tarihinsa, zitter ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kayan kida a Turai kuma ya shiga al'adun ƙasashe da yawa.

Kayan yau da kullum

Nau'in - kirtani mai tsiro. Rarrabewa – chordophone. Chordophone kayan aiki ne mai jiki wanda aka shimfiɗa igiyoyi da yawa tsakanin maki biyu waɗanda ke yin sauti lokacin da suke rawar jiki.

Ana wasa da zit ɗin da yatsu, ana fizgewa da fizge zaren. Hannun biyu sun shiga hannu. Hannun hagu yana da alhakin rakiyar igiya. Ana sanya matsakanci a kan yatsan hannun dama. Yatsu 2 na farko suna da alhakin rakiyar da bass. Yatsa na uku na bass biyu ne. An sanya jikin a kan tebur ko sanya a kan gwiwoyi.

Samfuran kide kide suna da kirtani 12-50. Ana iya samun ƙarin dangane da ƙira.

Asalin kayan aiki

Sunan Jamusanci "zither" ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin "cythara". Kalmar Latin sunan ƙungiyar maɗaukakiyar wayoyi ta tsakiya ce. A cikin littattafan Jamus na ƙarni na XNUMX-XNUMXth, akwai kuma bambance-bambancen "cittern", wanda aka kafa daga "kithara" - tsohuwar chordophone na Girka.

Sanannen kayan aiki mafi tsufa daga dangin zither shine qixianqin na kasar Sin. An sami wayar tarho mara ƙarfi a cikin kabarin Yarima Yi, wanda aka gina a shekara ta 433 BC.

An samo wayoyi masu alaƙa a duk Asiya. Misalai: Koto Jafananci, Kanun Gabas ta Tsakiya, Playlan Indonesian.

Turawa sun fara ƙirƙirar nasu nau'ikan abubuwan ƙirƙira na Asiya, sakamakon haka, zitter ya bayyana. Ya zama sanannen kayan aikin jama'a a karni na XNUMX Bavaria da Austria.

Ana ɗaukar mawaƙin Viennese Johann Petzmayer a matsayin mawaƙin kirki. Masana tarihi sun yaba wa Petzmaier da yaɗa waƙar mawaƙin Jamusanci a cikin amfanin gida.

A cikin 1838, Nikolaus Wiegel daga Munich ya ba da shawarar inganta ƙira. Manufar ita ce shigar da kafaffen gadoji, ƙarin igiyoyi, frets chromatic. Tunanin bai sami goyon baya ba sai a shekara ta 1862. Sa'an nan kuma masanin lute na Jamus, Max Amberger, ya ƙirƙira wani kayan aiki da Vigel ya tsara. Don haka waƙar chordophone ta sami sigar yanzu.

Nau'in zitters

The concert zither yana da 29-38 kirtani. Lambar da aka fi sani shine 34-35. Tsarin tsarin su: 4 maɗaukaki sama da frets, 12 masu rakiya mara ƙarfi, 12 bass marasa ƙarfi, 5-6 bass biyu.

Alpine zither sanye take da igiyoyi 42. Bambanci shine jiki mai fadi don tallafawa bass biyu mai elongated da tsarin kunnawa. Sigar Alpine tana yin sauti iri ɗaya zuwa sigar kiɗan. An kira ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarni na XNUMX-XNUMXth "zither-harps". Dalilin shi ne ginshiƙin da aka ƙara, wanda ke sa kayan aiki ya zama kamar garaya. A cikin wannan sigar, an shigar da ƙarin bass biyu a layi daya da sauran.

An ƙera bambance-bambancen tsayin tsayi don yin hidima ga sabon nau'in Play. Ana buga kirtani a buɗe, kamar garaya.

Masana'antun zamani kuma suna samar da sassauƙan nau'ikan. Dalilin shi ne cewa yana da wuya ga masu son yin wasa a kan cikakkun samfurori. A cikin irin waɗannan nau'ikan ana ƙara maɓallai da hanyoyin don matsawa ta atomatik.

Akwai mashahuran tuning guda 2 don zithers na zamani: Munich da Venetian. Wasu 'yan wasan suna amfani da tuning Venetian don fretted kirtani, Munich tuning don m kirtani. Ana amfani da cikakkiyar kunnawa ta Venetian akan kayan kida masu kirtani 38 ko ƙasa da haka.