Erich Kleiber |

Eric Kleiber ne adam wata

"Har yanzu aikin Erich Kleiber yana da nisa daga sama, ba a san makomarsa ba, kuma ko wannan mutumin mai rudani a cikin ci gabansa da ba zai misaltu ba zai kai ga ƙarshe," in ji wani mai sukar Jamus Adolf Weismann a shekara ta 1825, a fili ya ba da mamaki. m Yunƙurin na artist, wanda a wannan lokaci ya riga ya zama "janar music darektan" na Berlin Jihar Opera. Kuma daidai ne, akwai dalilin zargi ya fada cikin rudani yayin kallon gajeriyar hanya ta Kleiber. Jajircewa na ban mamaki na mai zane ya burge ni, jajircewarsa da daidaito wajen shawo kan matsaloli, wajen fuskantar sabbin ayyuka.

Wani ɗan ƙasar Vienna, Kleiber ya sauke karatu daga Prague Conservatory kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin mataimakiyar madugu a gidan wasan opera na gida. Ga abin da ƙaramin abokin aikinsa Georg Sebastian ya faɗa game da matakin mai zaman kansa na farko na mai zane: “Da zarar Erich Kleiber (a lokacin bai kai shekara ashirin ba) ya maye gurbin wani darekta mara lafiya na Prague Opera a Wagner's The Flying Dutchman. Lokacin da ya kai tsakiyar makin sai ya zama kamar shafuka goma sha biyar an manne su sosai. Wasu daga cikin masu hassada (wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo sau da yawa suna cika tare da su) sun so su yi wasan kwaikwayo na rashin tausayi tare da wani matashi mai basira. Masu hassada, duk da haka, sun yi kuskure. Barkwancin bai yi tasiri ba. Matashin madugu ya jefa maki a ƙasa cikin takaici kuma ya aiwatar da dukan aikin da zuciya ɗaya. Wannan maraicen da ba za a manta da shi ba shine farkon ƙwaƙƙwaran aikin Erich Kleiber, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya ɗauki matsayi a Turai kusa da Otto Klemperer da Bruno Walter. Bayan wannan labarin, an sake cika "rikodin waƙa" na Kleiber daga 1912 tare da aiki a gidajen wasan opera na Darmstadt, Elberfeld, Düsseldorf, Mannheim, kuma, a ƙarshe, a 1923 ya fara aikinsa a Berlin. Lokacin da yake shugabantar Opera na Jiha wani zamani ne mai haske a rayuwarta. A karkashin jagorancin Kleiber, an fara ganin ramp ɗin a nan, yawancin manyan wasan kwaikwayo na zamani, ciki har da Wozzeck na A. Berg da Christopher Columbus na D. Milhaud, na Jamus na farko na Jenufa na Janacek, ayyukan Stravinsky, Krenek da sauran mawaƙa sun faru. . Amma tare da wannan, Klaiber kuma ya ba da misalai masu haske na fassarar wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya, musamman Beethoven, Mozart, Verdi, Rossini, R. Strauss kuma da wuya ya yi ayyukan Weber, Schubert, Wagner ("Ƙaunatacciyar Ƙauna"), Lorzing ("The Forbidden Love"). Mafarauci"). Kuma waɗanda suka ji operettas na Johann Strauss a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, har abada suna riƙe da ra'ayin da ba za a manta da su ba game da waɗannan wasanni, cike da sabo da daraja.

Ba'a iyakance ga aiki a Berlin ba, Kleiber a wancan lokacin ya yi sauri ya zama sananne a duniya, yawon shakatawa a duk manyan cibiyoyin Turai da Amurka. A shekara ta 1927, ya fara zuwa Tarayyar Soviet kuma nan da nan ya sami tausayi na masu sauraron Soviet. Ayyukan Haydn, Schumann, Weber, Respighi an yi su a cikin shirye-shiryen Kleiber, ya gudanar da Carmen a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Daya daga cikin kide kide da wake-wake da artist ya keɓe gaba ɗaya ga Rasha music - ayyukan Tchaikovsky, Scriabin, Stravinsky. "Ya bayyana," mai sukar ya rubuta, "cewa Kleiber, ban da kasancewarsa ƙwararren mawaƙi mai ƙwararrun mawaƙa, yana da wannan fasalin da yawancin mashahuran suka rasa: ikon shiga cikin ruhin al'adun sauti na waje. Godiya ga wannan iyawar, Kleiber ya ƙware sosai da maki da ya zaɓa, ya ƙware su har ya zama kamar muna fuskantar wani fitaccen shugabar Rasha a matakin.

Daga baya, Klaiber sau da yawa ya yi aiki a cikin ƙasarmu tare da shirye-shirye daban-daban kuma koyaushe yana jin daɗin nasarar da ya cancanta. Lokaci na ƙarshe da ya ziyarci Tarayyar Soviet shine a cikin 1936, bayan ya bar Jamus na Nazi. Ba da da ewa bayan, da artist zauna a Kudancin Amirka na dogon lokaci. Cibiyar ayyukansa ita ce Buenos Aires, inda Klaiber ya kasance sanannen wuri ɗaya a cikin rayuwar kiɗa kamar a Berlin, yana jagorantar wasanni akai-akai a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Colon da kuma kide kide da yawa. Tun 1943, ya kuma yi aiki a babban birnin kasar Cuba - Havana. Kuma a shekarar 1948, mawaki ya koma Turai. Manyan biranen sun yi yaƙi a zahiri don samun Klaiber a matsayin mai gudanarwa na dindindin. Amma har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa ya kasance ɗan wasan baƙo, yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a duk faɗin nahiyar, yana shiga cikin duk manyan bukukuwan kiɗa - daga Edinburgh zuwa Prague. Kleiber ya sha gabatar da kide-kide a Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Jamus, jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa ya gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da ya fi so - Opera na Jamus a Berlin, da kuma Dresden.

An kama fasahar haske da ƙauna ta rayuwa ta Erich Kleiber akan rikodin gramophone da yawa; Daga cikin ayyukan da ya rubuta akwai operas The Free gunner, The Cavalier of the Roses da kuma yawan manyan ayyukan nuna ban dariya. A cewar su, mai sauraro zai iya godiya da mafi kyawun siffofi na basirar mai fasaha - zurfin fahimtarsa ​​game da ainihin aikin, ma'anarsa, mafi kyawun kammala cikakkun bayanai, amincin ra'ayoyinsa da ikonsa don cimma aiwatar da su.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek