Giuseppe Di Stefano |

Giuseppe Di Stefano

Leoncavallo. "Pagliacs". "Vesti la giubba" (Giuseppe Di Stefano)

Di Stefano na cikin gagarumin galaxy na mawaƙa waɗanda suka fito a lokacin yaƙin bayan ya zama abin alfahari na fasahar muryar Italiya. VV Timokhin ya lura: "Hotunan Edgar ("Lucia di Lammermoor" na Donizetti), Arthur da Elvino ("Puritani" da "La Sonnambula" na Bellini) wanda Di Stefano ya kirkira ya sa ya shahara a duniya. Anan mawaƙin ya bayyana cike da makamai tare da fasaharsa: ban mamaki mai ban sha'awa, santsin legato, furci mai faɗin sassaka da cantilena, cike da jin daɗi, raira waƙa da “duhu”, wadataccen arziki, kauri, sauti mai laushi.

Yawancin masana tarihi na fasahar murya sun sami Di Stefano mawaƙin, alal misali a cikin rawar Edgar, wanda ya cancanci magaji ga mai girma tenor na karnin da ya gabata, Giovanni Battista Rubini, wanda ya haifar da hoton ƙaunataccen Lucia a cikin opera Donizetti.

Daya daga cikin masu sukar a cikin wani nazari na rikodi na "Lucia" (tare da Callas da Di Stefano) kai tsaye ya rubuta cewa, ko da yake sunan mafi kyau yi na rawar da Edgar a cikin karni na karshe yanzu kewaye da almara shahara, shi ne. ko ta yaya da wuya a yi tunanin cewa zai iya samar da ƙarin ra'ayi don masu sauraro fiye da Di Stefano a cikin wannan shigarwar. Mutum ba zai iya yarda da ra'ayin mai bita ba: Edgar – Di Stefano haƙiƙa yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan shafuka masu ban mamaki na fasahar muryar zamaninmu. Wataƙila, idan mai zane ya bar wannan rikodin kawai, to ko da sunansa zai kasance cikin manyan mawaƙa na zamaninmu.

An haifi Giuseppe Di Stefano a Catania a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 1921 a cikin dangin soja. Shima yaron tun asali zai zama hafsa ne, a lokacin babu alamun aikin tiyatar nasa.

Sai kawai a Milan, inda ya yi karatu a makarantar hauza, daya daga cikin abokansa, mai girma son art art, nace cewa Giuseppe ya juya ga gogaggen malamai domin shawara. A kan shawararsu, saurayin, ya bar makarantar hauza, ya fara nazarin vocals. Iyaye sun tallafa wa ɗansu har ma sun ƙaura zuwa Milan.

Di Stefano yana karatu tare da Luigi Montesanto lokacin da yakin duniya na biyu ya fara. Aka sa shi soja, amma bai kai ga fagen daga ba. Daya daga cikin jami’an ne ya taimaka masa, wanda yake matukar son muryar matashin sojan. Kuma a cikin kaka na 1943, lokacin da wani ɓangare na Di Stefano zai tafi Jamus, ya gudu zuwa Switzerland. A nan mawakin ya gabatar da kide-kide na farko, wanda shirin ya hada da fitattun opera aria da wakokin Italiya.

Bayan karshen yakin, ya koma ƙasarsa, ya ci gaba da karatu a Montesanto. A Afrilu 1946, 1947, Giuseppe ya fara halarta a matsayin de Grieux a Massenet ta opera Manon a Municipal gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Reggio Emilia. A ƙarshen shekara, mai zane-zane ya yi a Switzerland, kuma a cikin Maris XNUMX ya yi wasa a karo na farko a kan mataki na almara La Scala.

A cikin kaka na shekara ta 1947, Di Stefano ya halarci taron da darektan Opera na New York Metropolitan, Edward Johnson, wanda ke hutu a Italiya. Daga kalmomin farko da mawaƙin ya rera, darektan ya gane cewa a gabansa akwai wani mawaƙa na waƙa, wanda bai daɗe ba. "Ya kamata ya rera waƙa a Met, kuma tabbas a cikin wannan kakar!" Johnson ya yanke shawara.

A Fabrairu 1948 Di Stefano ya fara halarta a karon a Metropolitan Opera a matsayin Duke a Rigoletto kuma ya zama soloist na wannan gidan wasan kwaikwayo. An lura da fasahar mawaƙa ba kawai ga masu sauraro ba, har ma da masu sukar kiɗa.

Shekaru biyar a jere, Di Stefano ya rera waƙa a New York, galibi sassa na waƙa kamar Nemorino (“Love Potion”), de Grieux (“Manon” Massenet), Alfreda (“La Traviata”), Wilhelm (“Mignon” Thomas), Rinuccio ("Gianni Schicchi" na Puccini).

Shahararriyar mawaƙin Toti Dal Monte ta tuna cewa ba za ta iya yin kuka ba lokacin da ta saurari Di Stefano a kan mataki na La Scala a Mignon - wasan kwaikwayo na mai zane ya kasance mai ban sha'awa da ruhaniya.

A matsayin soloist na Metropolitan, singer ya yi a cikin kasashen Amurka ta tsakiya da kuma ta Kudu - tare da cikakken nasara. Gaskiya guda daya kawai: a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rio de Janeiro, a karo na farko a cikin shekaru da yawa, an keta dokar, wanda ya haramta encores a lokacin wasan kwaikwayo.

An fara daga lokacin 1952/53, Di Stefano ya sake rera waka a La Scala, inda ya yi rawar gani a sassan Rudolph da Enzo (La Gioconda na Ponchielli). A cikin kakar 1954/55, ya yi sassa na tsakiya na tsakiya guda shida, waɗanda a wancan lokacin suka fi nuna cikakken ikonsa da yanayin bincikensa: Alvaro, Turiddu, Nemorino, Jose, Rudolf da Alfred.

"A cikin operas na Verdi da mawaƙan mawaƙa," in ji VV Timokhin, - Di Stefano ya bayyana a gaban masu sauraro a matsayin mawaƙi mai haske, a fili da kuma ƙwarewa wajen isar da duk abubuwan da suka faru na wasan kwaikwayo na Verdi-Verist, mai ban sha'awa tare da mai arziki. , m, da yardar kaina "sauti" sauti, da dabara iri-iri na tsauri tabarau, iko climaxes da "fashewa" na motsin zuciyarmu, arziki timbre launuka. Mawaƙin ya shahara don bayyana kalamansa na “sculpting” na ban mamaki, layukan murya a cikin operas na Verdi da verists, ko lava mai zafi da zafin sha'awa ko haske, numfashi mai daɗi na iska. Ko da a cikin irin wannan sanannen opera na opera kamar, alal misali, "Scene at the Ship" ("Manon Lescaut" na Puccini), Calaf's arias ("Turandot"), na karshe duet tare da Mimi daga "La Boheme", "Farewell to Mother". "("Ƙasar daraja"), Cavaradossi's arias daga na farko da na uku ayyuka na "Tosca", mai zane ya cimma wani ban mamaki "primordial" sabo da tashin hankali, bude motsin zuciyarmu.

Tun daga tsakiyar 50s, Di Stefano ya ci gaba da tafiye-tafiyen biranen Turai da Amurka. A 1955, a kan mataki na West Berlin City Opera, ya shiga cikin samar da Donizetti ta opera Lucia di Lammermoor. Tun 1954, da singer ya yi akai-akai shekaru shida a Chicago Lyric Theater.

A cikin 1955/56 kakar Di Stefano ya koma mataki na Metropolitan Opera, inda ya raira waƙa a Carmen, Rigoletto da Tosca. Mawakin yakan yi wasa a dandalin Opera House na Rome.

A ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa kewayon kere kerensa, mawaƙin ya ƙara rawar ɗan wasa mai ban mamaki a cikin sassan waƙoƙin. A lokacin buɗe kakar 1956/57 a La Scala, Di Stefano ya rera waƙa Radamès a cikin Aida, kuma kakar mai zuwa a cikin Un ballo a maschera ya rera ɓangaren Richard.

Kuma a cikin rawar da shirin mai ban mamaki, mai zane ya kasance babban nasara tare da masu sauraro. A cikin opera "Carmen" a cikin marigayi 50s, Di Stefano ya sa ran samun nasara ta gaske a kan mataki na Opera na Jihar Vienna. Ɗaya daga cikin masu suka har ma ya rubuta: yana da ban mamaki a gare shi yadda Carmen zai iya ƙin irin wannan zafin, mai laushi, mai ƙwazo da taɓa Jose.

Fiye da shekaru goma, Di Stefano yana rera waƙa a kai a kai a Opera na Jihar Vienna. Alal misali, a cikin 1964 kawai ya rera a nan a cikin wasan kwaikwayo bakwai: Un ballo in maschera, Carmen, Pagliacci, Madama Butterfly, Andre Chenier, La Traviata da kuma Love Potion.

A cikin Janairu 1965, bayan shekaru goma, Di Stefano ya sake rera waka a Opera na Metropolitan. Bayan ya taka rawar Hoffmann a cikin Offenbach's Tales of Hoffmann, ya kasa shawo kan matsalolin wannan bangare.

Ci gaba ya biyo baya a cikin wannan shekarar a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Colon a Buenos Aires. Di Stefano ya yi wasa ne kawai a Tosca, kuma dole ne a soke wasannin Un ballo a maschera. Kuma ko da yake, kamar yadda masu sukar suka rubuta, a wasu lokuta muryar mawaƙa ta yi kyau sosai, kuma pianissimo na sihiri a cikin duet na Mario da Tosca daga aiki na uku ya fara jin daɗin masu sauraron gaba ɗaya, ya bayyana a fili cewa mafi kyawun shekarun mawakin yana bayansa. .

A Nunin Duniya a Montreal "EXPO-67" jerin wasan kwaikwayo na "Land of Smiles" na Lehar tare da halartar Di Stefano ya faru. Kiran mai zane ga operetta ya yi nasara. Mawaƙin cikin sauƙi kuma a zahiri ya jimre da sashinsa. A watan Nuwamba 1967, a cikin wannan operetta, ya yi a kan mataki na Vienna gidan wasan kwaikwayo an der Wien. A cikin Mayu 1971, Di Stefano ya rera waƙa na Orpheus a cikin operetta Orpheus na Offenbach a cikin Jahannama a kan mataki na Opera na Rome.

Mai zane duk da haka ya koma matakin opera. A farkon 1970 ya yi wani ɓangare na Loris a Fedora a Barcelona Liceu da Rudolf a La bohème a Munich National Theater.

Daya daga cikin wasan karshe na Di Stefano ya faru a kakar 1970/71 a La Scala. Shahararren dan wasan ya rera sashin Rudolf. Muryar mawaƙin, a cewar masu suka, tana yin sauti daidai ko da a ko'ina cikin kewayo, mai taushi da ruhi, amma wani lokacin ya rasa ikon sarrafa muryarsa kuma ya gaji da yawa a wasan ƙarshe.

Ya fara halarta a 1946 (Reggio nel Emilia, wani ɓangare na De Grieux a Massenet's Manon). Tun 1947 a La Scala. A 1948-65 ya rera waka a Metropolitan Opera (na farko a matsayin Duke). A cikin 1950, a bikin Arena di Verona, ya yi sashin Nadir a cikin Bizet's The Pearl Seekers. A 1954 ya yi a kan mataki na Grand Opera kamar yadda Faust. Ya rera waƙa a Edinburgh Festival (1957) ɓangaren Nemorino (Donizetti's Love Potion). A cikin Lambun Covent a cikin 1961 Cavaradossi. Di Stefano abokin tarayya akai-akai akan mataki da kuma rikodin shine Maria Callas. Tare da ita, ya gudanar da wani babban yawon shakatawa na kide kide a 1973. Di Stefano fitaccen mawaki ne na rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX. Faɗin da ya yi ya haɗa da sassan Alfred, José, Canio, Calaf, Werther, Rudolf, Radames, Richard in Un ballo a maschera, Lensky da sauransu. Daga cikin rikodi na mawaƙa, duka tsarin wasan kwaikwayo da aka rubuta a EMI tare da Callas sun fito waje: Bellini's Puritani (Arthur), Lucia di Lammermoor (Edgar), Love Potion (Nemorino), La bohème (Rudolf), Tosca (Cavaradossi), " Troubadour” (Manrico) da sauransu. Ya yi fina-finai.

E. Tsodokov