Drum: bayanin kayan aiki, abun da ke ciki, tarihi, nau'ikan, sauti, amfani

Ganga na ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kuma a lokaci guda mafi tsoffin kayan kida. Sauƙin amfani, siffar jin daɗi, wadatar sauti - duk wannan yana taimaka masa ya ci gaba da buƙatar shekaru dubu na ƙarshe.

Menene ganga

Ganga na cikin rukunin kayan kida ne. Daga cikin nau'o'in iri-iri, wanda ya fi shahara shine drum na membrane, wanda ke da ƙarfe mai yawa ko jikin katako, wanda aka rufe da membrane (fata, filastik) a saman.

Hakar sauti yana faruwa bayan bugawa membrane tare da sanduna na musamman. Wasu mawaƙa sun fi son naushi. Don kyakkyawan salon sauti, da yawa samfuran iri iri daban-daban, ana kawo makullin tare - wannan shine yadda aka kafa saitin drum.

Har zuwa yau, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da suka bambanta da siffar, girman, sauti. An san sifofi masu siffa kamar gilashin hourglass, da kuma manyan ganguna, kimanin mita 2 a diamita.

Na'urar ba ta da wani takamaiman sauti, ana yin rikodin sautinsa a cikin layi ɗaya, yana yin alama. Nadin ganga daidai gwargwado yana nanata kidan kida. Ƙananan samfura suna yin bushewa, sauti daban-daban, sautin manyan ganguna yayi kama da tsawa.

Tsarin ganga

Na'urar kayan aiki yana da sauƙi, ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Frame Anyi daga karfe ko itace. Takardun da ke kafa jiki yana rufewa a cikin da'irar, yana cikin rami. Sashin na sama na jiki an sanye shi da baki wanda ke tabbatar da membrane. A tarnaƙi akwai kusoshi waɗanda ke yin tada hankali ga membrane.
• Membrane. Mikewa a jiki duka daga sama da ƙasa. Kayan kayan aikin membranes na zamani shine filastik. A baya can, ana amfani da fata, fata na dabba a matsayin membrane. Babban membrane ana kiransa filastik tasiri, ƙananan ana kiransa resonant. Mafi girman tashin hankali na membrane, ƙarar sauti.
• Sanduna Su ne wani sashe mai mahimmanci na ganga, saboda suna da alhakin samar da sauti. Abubuwan samarwa - itace, aluminum, polyurethane. Yadda kayan aikin zai yi sauti ya dogara da kauri, abu, girman sanduna. Wasu masana'antun suna yiwa sandunan lakabi da ke nuna alaƙar su: jazz, rock, kiɗan orchestral. Masu sana'a masu sana'a sun fi son sanduna da aka yi da itace.

Tarihi

Da wane da kuma lokacin da aka ƙirƙira tsoffin ganguna ya kasance asiri. Mafi tsufa kwafin ya koma karni na XNUMX BC. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, an rarraba kayan aiki a duk faɗin duniya. Kowace al'umma tana da ganga nata, girmanta ko kamanni daban-daban. Daga cikin masu sha'awar kayan aikin akwai mutanen Kudancin Amurka, Afirka, da Indiya. A Turai, salon yin ganga ya zo daga baya - kusan karni na XNUMX.

Da farko, an yi amfani da sautin ganga mai ƙarfi don yin sigina. Daga nan sai aka fara amfani da su a inda ake buƙatar bin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan: a cikin jiragen ruwa tare da masu tuƙi, a cikin raye-raye na al'ada, bukukuwa, da ayyukan soja. Jafanawa sun yi amfani da rumbun ganga don jawo firgici a cikin abokan gaba. Sojan na Japan ya rike kayan a bayansa yayin da wasu sojoji biyu suka yi masa duka a fusace.

Turawa sun gano kayan aikin godiya ga Turkawa. Da farko, an yi amfani da shi a cikin sojojin: akwai nau'o'in sigina na musamman da aka tsara wanda ke nufin ci gaba, ja da baya, farkon samuwar.

Sojojin Rasha sun fara amfani da kayan gini irin na ganga a zamanin mulkin Ivan the Terrible. An kama Kazan tare da sauti na nakrov - manyan kasko na tagulla da aka rufe da fata a saman. Mai mulki Boris Godunov, wanda ya fi son sojojin haya na kasashen waje, ya karbi al'adar fada da ganguna masu kama da zamani. A ƙarƙashin Peter Mai Girma, kowane rukunin soja ya haɗa da masu ganga ɗari. A farkon karni na ashirin, kayan aikin ya ɓace daga sojojin. Komawarsa mai nasara ta zo tare da zuwan ikon 'yan gurguzu: ganguna ya zama alamar motsi na majagaba.

A yau, manyan ganguna na tarko wani bangare ne na makada na kade-kade. Kayan aiki yana yin rakiyar, sassa na solo. Yana da ba makawa a kan mataki: ana amfani da shi sosai ta hanyar mawaƙa masu yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin salon rock, jazz, kuma wasan kwaikwayo na soja yana da mahimmanci ba tare da shi ba.

Wani sabon abu na 'yan shekarun nan shine ƙirar lantarki. Mawaƙin da ƙwarewa yana haɗa sauti da sauti na lantarki tare da taimakonsu.

Nau'in ganguna

An raba nau'ikan ganguna bisa ga fa'idodin rarrabawa masu zuwa:

Ta ƙasar asali

Ana samun kayan aikin a duk nahiyoyi, ɗan bambanta a bayyanar, girma, hanyoyin wasa:

1. Afirka. Abu ne mai tsarki, suna shiga cikin bukukuwan addini da na ibada. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don sigina. Iri-iri na ganguna na Afirka - bata, djembe, ashiko, kpanlogo da sauransu.
2. Latin Amurka. Atabaque, kuika, conga - baƙar fata bayi suka kawo. Teponaztl wani sabon abu ne na gida, wanda aka yi daga itace guda ɗaya. Timbales kayan aikin Cuban ne.
3. Jafananci. Sunan nau'in Jafananci shine taiko (ma'ana "babban drum"). Ƙungiyar "be-daiko" tana da tsari na musamman: membrane yana da tsayi sosai, ba tare da yiwuwar daidaitawa ba. Ƙungiyar sime-daiko na kayan aiki yana ba ku damar daidaita membrane.
4. Sinanci. Bangu na katako ne, kayan aiki mai gefe ɗaya mai ƙanƙanta mai siffar mazugi. Paigu wani nau'in timpani ne wanda aka gyara akan tsayawar.
5. Indiyawa. Tabla ( ganguna), mridanga (bina mai gefe ɗaya).
6. Kaucasian. Dhol, nagara (Armeniyawa, Azabaijan ke amfani da shi), darbuka (Turkiyya iri-iri).

Ta hanyar nau'ikan

Nau'o'in ganguna waɗanda ke zama tushen ƙungiyar makaɗa ta zamani:

1. Babban. Abu na biyu, da wuya – kayan aiki mai gefe ɗaya tare da ƙaramar sauti mai ƙarfi, murƙushewa. Ana amfani da shi don bugun guda ɗaya, yana jaddada sautin manyan kayan aiki.
2. Karami. Ƙwaƙwalwa biyu, tare da igiyoyi da ke kusa da ƙananan membrane, suna ba da sautin taɓawa ta musamman. Za'a iya kashe kirtani idan ana buƙatar sautin a bayyane, ba tare da ƙarin sautin sauti ba. An yi amfani da shi don buga harbi. Za ka iya buga ba kawai membrane, amma kuma buga baki.
3. Tom-tom. Samfurin silinda, wanda ke saukowa kai tsaye daga ’yan asalin Amurka, Asiya. A cikin karni na XNUMX, ya zama wani ɓangare na saitin ganga.
4. Timpani. Copper tukunyar jirgi tare da wani membrane mike a saman. Suna da wani filin wasa, wanda mai yin wasan zai iya canzawa cikin sauƙi yayin Playing.

A cewar form

Dangane da siffar kwankwason, ganguna sune:

• Conical,
• Siffar kasko,
• "Hourglass",
• Silindrical,
• kofin,
• Tsarin tsari.

Samar

Kowane dalla-dalla na drum yana buƙatar kulawa, don haka wasu masu sana'a suna tsunduma cikin kera kayan aikin da hannu. Amma ƙwararrun mawaƙa sun fi son samfuran masana'antu.

Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don yin harka:

• Wasu nau'ikan karfe
• tagulla,
• Filastik,
• Itace (Maple, Linden, Birch, itacen oak).

Sautin samfurin nan gaba kai tsaye ya dogara da kayan da aka zaɓa.

Lokacin da shari'ar ta shirya, za su fara kera kayan aikin ƙarfe: hoop wanda ke tabbatar da membrane, kusoshi, makullai, masu ɗaure. Halayen kayan aiki sun lalace sosai idan an sanye shi da adadi mai yawa na ramuka, ƙarin sassa. Masana'antun da aka sani suna ba da tsarin ɗaurewa na musamman wanda ke ba ka damar kiyaye mutuncin shari'ar.

Gyaran ganga

Saituna suna buƙatar kowane irin kayan aiki: samun takamaiman farar (timpani, rototom) kuma rashin samunsa (tom-tom, ƙarami, babba).

Tunatarwa yana faruwa ta hanyar mikewa ko sassauta membrane. Don wannan, akwai kusoshi na musamman a jiki. Yawan tashin hankali yana sa sauti ya yi ƙarfi sosai, rauni mai rauni yana hana shi bayyanawa. Yana da mahimmanci don nemo "ma'anar zinariya".

Gangar tarko sanye take da kirtani na buƙatar keɓantaccen gyara na membrane na ƙasa.

Amfani

Kayan aiki yana da kyau duka a cikin abun da ke tattare da haɗin gwiwar da kuma a cikin aikin sassan solo. Mawakin da kansa yana zaɓar ko zai yi amfani da sanduna yayin wasa ko buga membrane da hannunsa. Yin wasa da hannu ana la'akari da tsayin ƙwararru kuma baya samuwa ga kowane mai yin wasan kwaikwayo.

A cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa, ana ba da drum muhimmiyar rawa: ana la'akari da wurin farawa, yana saita rhythm na waƙar. Yana da kyau tare da sauran kayan kida, ya cika su. Idan ba tare da shi ba, wasan kwaikwayo na makada na soja, mawaƙa na dutse ba su da tunani, wannan kayan aiki koyaushe yana halarta a faretin, tarurrukan matasa, da abubuwan buki.