Paul Badura-Skoda |

Paul Badura-Skoda

Mawaƙin mawaƙa - soloist, ɗan wasa, jagora, malami, mai bincike, marubuci - wannan shine ɗayan manyan wakilai na ƙarni na baya-bayan nan na makarantar pianistic na Austrian. A gaskiya, ba zai zama cikakke ba don rarraba shi ba tare da wani sharadi ba a matsayin makarantar Austrian: bayan haka, bayan kammala karatunsa daga Vienna Conservatory a cikin piano na Farfesa Viola Tern (da kuma a cikin aji), Badura-Skoda yayi karatu a karkashin jagorancin Edwin Fischer, wanda ya dauki babban malaminsa. Amma duk da haka, ruhaniyancin Fischer ya bar wani tasiri mai ƙarfi akan bayyanar Badar-Skoda; Bugu da ƙari, yana da alaƙa da Vienna, inda yake zaune kuma yana aiki, tare da Vienna, wanda ya ba shi wasan kwaikwayo na pianistic da kuma abin da ake kira kwarewa na sauraro.

Ayyukan kide-kide na mawaƙin pian sun fara a cikin 50s. Da sauri, ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin ƙwararren masanin fasaha kuma mai fassara na gargajiyar Viennese. Wasannin da suka yi nasara a gasa da dama na kasa da kasa sun karfafa masa suna, sun bude masa kofofin dakin wake-wake, matakin bukukuwa da dama. Ba da daɗewa ba masu suka sun gane shi a matsayin mai salo mai kyau, babban niyyar fasaha da ɗanɗano mara kyau, aminci ga harafi da ruhin rubutun marubucin, kuma a ƙarshe sun ba da yabo ga sauƙi da 'yancin wasansa. Amma a lokaci guda, raunin raunin matashin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ba a lura da shi ba - rashin numfashi mai zurfi na magana, wasu "ilmantarwa", santsi da yawa, rashin tausayi. "Har yanzu yana wasa da maɓalli, ba da sauti ba," in ji I. Kaiser a cikin 1965.

Shaidu na ci gaban fasaha na mai fasaha sun kasance masu sauraron Soviet. Badura-Skoda, wanda ya fara daga lokacin 1968/69, ya ziyarci USSR akai-akai. Nan da nan ya jawo hankali tare da dabara na nuance, salo mai salo, kyawawan halaye masu ƙarfi. A lokaci guda, fassararsa na Chopin ya zama kamar kyauta ce, wani lokacin kiɗan kanta ba ta da hujja. Daga baya, a cikin 1973, dan wasan pian A. Ioheles ya lura a cikin nazarinsa cewa Badura-Skoda "ya girma ya zama ƙwararren ƙwararren mai fasaha tare da bayyananniyar mutumtaka, wanda ya fi mayar da hankali ga, da farko, a kan 'yan asalinsa na Viennese." Lalle ne, ko da a lokacin farko biyu ziyara, daga m repertoire na Badur-Skoda, sonatas na Haydn (C major) da Mozart (F manyan) aka fi tunawa, kuma yanzu Schubert Sonata a C qananan aka gane a matsayin mafi girma nasara. , Inda dan wasan pian ya yi nasarar inuwa "mai karfi, Beethovenian Start".

Pianist kuma ya bar kyakkyawan ra'ayi a cikin gungu tare da David Oistrakh, wanda ya yi wasa a Babban Hall na Conservatory na Moscow. Amma ba shakka, tashi sama da matakin na talakawa rakiya, pianist ya kasa da babban violin a cikin zurfin, art muhimmanci da sikelin na fassarar Mozart sonatas.

A yau, a fuskar Badur-Skoda, an gabatar da mu tare da zane-zane, ko da yake yana da iyakacin iyaka, amma yana da fadi da yawa. Ƙwarewa mafi arziƙi da ilimin encyclopedic, a ƙarshe, salon salo na taimaka masa ya mallaki mafi yawan nau'ikan kiɗan. Yana cewa; “Na kusanci wasan kwaikwayo kamar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, mai fassara mai kyau yana kusanci ayyukana; dole ne ya buga jarumi, ba kansa ba, ya gabatar da haruffa daban-daban tare da sahihanci iri ɗaya. Kuma dole ne in ce a mafi yawan lokuta mai zane yana yin nasara, ko da lokacin da ya juya zuwa ga alama mai nisa. Ka tuna cewa ko da a farkon aikinsa - a cikin 1951 - Badura-Skoda ya rubuta kide-kide na Rimsky-Korsakov da Scriabin a kan rikodin, kuma yanzu yana son yin kida na Chopin, Debussy, Ravel, Hindemith, Bartok, Frank Martin (na karshen. ya sadaukar da Concerto na biyu gare shi don piano da orchestra). Kuma al'adun gargajiya na Viennese da soyayya har yanzu suna tsakiyar tsakiyar abubuwan da ya ke so - daga Haydn da Mozart, ta hanyar Beethoven da Schubert, zuwa Schumann da Brahms. A Ostiriya da kuma kasashen waje, faifan bidiyon sonata na Beethoven da ya yi ya samu nasara sosai, kuma a cikin Amurka an yaba da album The Complete Collection of Schubert Sonatas Performed by Badur-Skoda, wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar odar kamfanin RCA. Amma game da Mozart, fassararsa har yanzu tana da alaƙa da sha'awar tsabtar layi, bayyananniyar rubutu, da ƙwaƙƙwaran murya. Badura-Skoda yana yin ba kawai mafi yawan abubuwan solo na Mozart ba, har ma da tarin tarin yawa. Jörg Demus ya kasance abokin tarayya na tsawon shekaru masu yawa: sun rubuta duk abubuwan da Mozart ya yi don pianos biyu da hannaye hudu akan rikodin. Haɗin gwiwar su bai iyakance ba, duk da haka, ga Mozart. A shekara ta 1970, lokacin da aka yi bikin cika shekaru 200 na Beethoven, abokai sun watsa wani zagaye na sonatas na Beethoven a gidan talabijin na Austrian, tare da shi tare da sharhi mafi ban sha'awa. Badura-Skoda ya ba da littattafai biyu game da matsalolin fassarar waƙar Mozart da Beethoven, ɗaya daga cikinsu an rubuta shi tare da matarsa, ɗayan kuma tare da Jörg Demus. Bugu da kari, ya rubuta labarai da yawa da karatu a kan litattafan Viennese da kiɗa na farko, bugu na kide-kide na Mozart, yawancin ayyukan Schubert (ciki har da fantasy "Wanderer"), Schumann's "Album for Youth". A shekara ta 1971, yayin da yake a Moscow, ya ba da lacca mai ma'ana a ɗakin ra'ayin mazan jiya game da matsalolin fassarar kiɗa na farko. Sunan Badur-Skoda a matsayin connoisseur kuma mai yin wasan kwaikwayo na Viennese litattafan yanzu yana da girma - ana gayyatar shi kullum don ba da laccoci da kuma gudanar da darussa a cikin zane-zane ba kawai a manyan makarantun ilimi a Austria ba, har ma a Amurka, Faransa. Italiya, Czechoslovakia da sauran ƙasashe.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990