Cornet: bayanin kayan aiki, abun da ke ciki, sauti, tarihi, amfani

Akwai kayan aikin tagulla da yawa a duniya. Tare da kamanninsu na waje, kowanne yana da halaye da sautinsa. Game da daya daga cikinsu - a cikin wannan labarin.

Overview

Cornet (wanda aka fassara daga Faransanci "cornet a pistons" - "ƙaho tare da pistons"; daga Italiyanci "cornetto" - "ƙaho") kayan kida ne na ƙungiyar tagulla, sanye take da injin fistan. A waje, yana kama da bututu, amma bambancin shine cewa cornet yana da bututu mai fadi.

Ta hanyar tsara tsarin, yana cikin rukuni na wayoyin iska: tushen sauti shine ginshiƙin iska. Mawaƙin yana hura iska zuwa cikin bakin, wanda ke taruwa a cikin jiki mai raɗaɗi kuma ya sake haifar da raƙuman sauti.

An rubuta bayanin kula don ƙwanƙwasa a cikin ƙwanƙwasa treble; a cikin ci, da cornet line ne mafi sau da yawa located a karkashin ƙaho sassa. Ana amfani da shi duka solo da kuma a matsayin ɓangare na iska da makada na kaɗe-kaɗe.

Tarihin abin da ya faru

Waɗanda suka yi gaba da kayan aikin tagulla su ne ƙaho na katako da kulin katako. An yi amfani da ƙaho a zamanin dā don ba da alamu ga mafarauta da ma'aikata. A cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar. Babban mawakin Italiya Claudio Monteverdi ya yi amfani da shi solo.

A ƙarshen karni na 18, katako na katako ya rasa shahararsa. A cikin 30s na karni na 19, Sigismund Stölzel ya tsara cornet-a-piston na zamani tare da injin fistan. Daga baya, sanannen mai kula da kadarori Jean-Baptiste Arban ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga rarrabawa da haɓaka kayan aikin a duk faɗin duniya. Ma'aikatun ajiyar Faransa sun fara buɗe azuzuwan da yawa don kunna kaɗa, kayan kida, tare da ƙaho, an fara shigar da su cikin ƙungiyoyin kade-kade daban-daban.

Cornet ya zo Rasha a cikin karni na 19. Babban Tsar Nicholas I, tare da nagarta na manyan masu yin wasan kwaikwayo, ya ƙware Play a kan kayan aikin iska daban-daban, daga cikinsu akwai tagulla cornet-a-piston.

Na'urar kayan aiki

Da yake magana game da zane da tsarin kayan aiki, dole ne a ce a waje yana da kama da bututu, amma yana da ma'auni mai fadi kuma ba haka ba ne, saboda yana da sauti mai laushi.

A kan cornet, ana iya amfani da injin bawul da pistons. Na'urorin da ke aiki da Valve sun zama ruwan dare gama gari saboda sauƙin amfani da amincin su na daidaitawa.

An yi tsarin fistan a cikin nau'i na maɓalli-maɓalli da ke saman, a layi tare da bakin magana. Tsawon jikin ba tare da bakin bakin ba shine 295-320 mm. A kan wasu samfurori, an shigar da kambi na musamman don sake gina kayan aiki a ƙananan ƙananan, watau daga kunna B zuwa kunna A, wanda ke ba wa mawaƙa damar yin sauri da sauƙi a cikin maɓalli masu kaifi.

sauti

Kewayon ainihin sautin murhun yana da girma sosai - kusan octaves uku: daga bayanin kula mi na ƙaramin octave zuwa bayanin kula har zuwa octave na uku. Wannan iyaka yana ba mai yin ƙarin 'yanci a cikin abubuwan haɓakawa.

Da yake magana game da katako na kayan kida, dole ne a ce taushi da sautin velvety suna wanzu ne kawai a cikin rajista na octave na farko. Bayanan kula da ke ƙasan octave na farko suna ƙara ƙarar duhu da ban tsoro. Octave na biyu yana kama da surutu kuma yana da sauti sosai.

Yawancin mawaƙa sun yi amfani da waɗannan yuwuwar canza launin sauti a cikin ayyukansu, suna bayyana motsin rai da jin daɗin layin melodic ta cikin katako na cornet-a-piston. Alal misali, Berlioz a cikin kade-kade na "Harold a Italiya" ya yi amfani da matsananciyar katako na kayan aiki.

Amfani

Saboda iyawarsu, motsi, kyawun sauti, layukan solo a cikin manyan waƙoƙin kiɗa an sadaukar da su ga ƙwanƙwasa. A cikin kiɗa na Rasha, an yi amfani da kayan aiki a cikin rawar Neapolitan a cikin shahararren ballet "Swan Lake" na Pyotr Tchaikovsky da rawa na ballerina a cikin wasan kwaikwayon "Petrushka" na Igor Stravinsky.

Cornet-a-piston ya cinye mawakan jazz ensembles kuma. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun jazz virtuosos na duniya sune Louis Armstrong da King Oliver.

A cikin karni na 20, lokacin da aka inganta ƙaho, cornets sun rasa mahimmancinsu na musamman kuma kusan gaba daya sun bar abubuwan da ke cikin ƙungiyar makada da jazz.

A zahirin zamani, ana iya jin ƙwanƙwasa a wasu lokuta a wuraren kide-kide, wani lokacin a cikin makada na tagulla. Kuma ana amfani da cornet-a-piston a matsayin taimakon koyarwa ga ɗalibai.