Usulu: cikakken bayani, tarihin kayan aiki, iri, amfani, fasaha na wasa

Yawancin kayan aikin jama'a suna buƙata a yau, daga cikinsu akwai busasshen tin - ƙaramin bututun ƙarfe tare da labarin asali mai ban sha'awa. Kayan kida da alama mai sauƙi kuma mara ban mamaki ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya, waɗanda masu fasahar gargajiya, rock da pop ke amfani da su.

Mene ne busa

Tin Whistle kalma ce ta Ingilishi wacce ke fassara azaman tin busa. An ba da wannan suna ga nau'in sarewa mai tsayi mai ramuka 6 a saman gaba. Ana amfani da kayan aikin busa galibi ta masu yin kidan Irish, Burtaniya, Scotland.

Tarihin busa

Magabatanta na da dadewa ne, an gina su da farko, katako, ƙashi, sarewa, waɗanda aka rarraba a duk nahiyoyi. 'Yan Irish, waɗanda suka ɗauki busa a matsayin kayan aikin ƙasa, sun daɗe suna amfani da sarewa don yin kiɗan jama'a.

A cikin karni na 19, manomi Robert Clark, wanda ke zaune a Manchester kuma yana son buga bututu, ya yanke shawarar kada ya yi amfani da itace mai tsada don ƙirƙirar shi, amma kayan aiki mai rahusa da sauƙin aiki - tinplate. Sakamakon sarewa ya wuce duk abin da ake tsammani, manomi ya yanke shawarar zama dan kasuwa. Ya fara zagaya garuruwan Ingila, yana sayar da kayan wakokinsa a kan dinari guda. Mutane suna kiran kayan aikin “busar dinari”, wato, “husar kan dinari.”

Furucin Clark ya ƙaunaci matuƙan jirgin ruwa na Irish, wanda ya dace da yin kiɗan jama'a. A Ireland, bututun kwano ya yi soyayya har suka kira shi kayan aikin ƙasa.

iri

Ana samar da whistle a nau'i biyu:

• Standard - tin busa.
• Low uzuri - ƙirƙira a cikin 1970s, nau'in nau'in ɗan'uwa mai ban sha'awa, yana da ƙananan sautin octave. Yana ba da ƙarin velvety da wadataccen sauti.

Saboda primitiveness na zane, yana yiwuwa a yi wasa a cikin tuning guda ɗaya. Masana'antun zamani suna ƙirƙirar kayan aiki don cire kiɗan maɓalli daban-daban. Mafi dacewa shine D ("re" na octave na biyu). Yawancin rubutun tarihin tarihin Irish suna sauti a cikin wannan maɓalli.

Bai kamata a rikita busa ba tare da sarewa na Irish - kayan aiki na nau'in juzu'i da aka kirkira akan samfurori na karni na 18-19. Siffofinsa sune tushe na katako, matashin kunne mafi girma da diamita na ramuka 6. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarar ƙararrawa, ƙara, sauti mai rai, manufa don yin kiɗan jama'a.

Aikace-aikace

Matsakaicin sarewar kwano shine octaves 2. Kayan aiki na diatonic da ake amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar kiɗan almara na farko, ba mai rikitarwa ta filaye da kaifi ba. Duk da haka, ana iya amfani da hanyar rufe ramukan da ke kusa, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a cire bayanin kula na cikakken kewayon chromatic, wato, don kunna waƙar da ya fi rikitarwa kamar yadda kewayo ya ba da izini.

Whistle yana sau da yawa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa da ke kunna Irish, Turanci, kiɗan jama'a na Scotland. Babban masu amfani sune pop, jama'a, mawakan rock. Ƙarƙashin busa ba ta da yawa, ana amfani da shi musamman azaman abin rakiya lokacin da ting ɗin ya yi sauti.

Shahararrun mawakan da suka buga sarewa na karfe:

• Ƙungiyar dutsen Irish Sigur Ros;
• Ƙungiyar Amurka "Carbon Leaf";
• 'Yan wasan Irish Cranberries;
• Ƙungiyar Punk ta Amurka The Tossers;
• Mawaƙin Birtaniya Steve Buckley;
• mawaki Davey Spillan, wanda ya kirkiro kida don shahararrun rukunin rawa "Riverdance".

Yadda ake kunna busa

Yatsu 6 suna da hannu wajen cire waƙar - fihirisar dama da hagu, tsakiya, yatsun zobe. Ya kamata yatsun hagu su kasance kusa da mashigar iska.

Kuna buƙatar busa a hankali, ba tare da ƙoƙari ba, in ba haka ba za ku sami babban rubutu mai yanke kunne. Idan ka busa, rufe duk ramukan da yatsunsu, "re" na octave na biyu zai fito. Tada yatsan zobe na dama, wanda ke rufe rami mafi nisa daga lebe, mawaƙin yana karɓar bayanin kula "mi". Bayan yantar da duk ramukan, ya sami C # ("zuwa" kaifi).

Hoton da ke nuna ramukan da ake buƙatar rufewa don samun wani waƙa ana kiransa yatsa. Ƙarƙashin bayanin kula akan yatsa na iya bayyana "+". Alamar tana nuna cewa kuna buƙatar busawa da ƙarfi don samun bayanin kula iri ɗaya, amma octave mafi girma, yana rufe ramukan da yatsun ku.

Lokacin wasa, magana yana da mahimmanci. Domin bayanin kula ya yi sauti a sarari da ƙarfi, ba don blush ba, ya kamata ku sanya harshenku da leɓun ku a cikin aiwatar da wasa, kamar kuna son faɗin "hakan".

Whistle shine mafi kyawun kayan aiki don mafari a cikin kiɗa. Don samun ƙwarewar kunna ta, ba kwa buƙatar ku zama ƙwararren waƙa. Mako guda na horo ya isa koyan yadda ake yin waƙa mai sauƙi.