Kobza: abin da yake, kayan aiki abun da ke ciki, tarihi, sauti, amfani

Kayan kida na jama'ar Ukrainian kobza dangi ne na kurkusa na lute. Yana cikin rukuni na kirtani, tsince, yana da kirtani huɗu ko sama da haka. Baya ga Ukraine, ana samun nau'ikan sa a cikin Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Poland.

Na'urar kayan aiki

Tushen shine jiki, kayan da yake itace. Siffar jiki yana ɗan ƙarami kaɗan, kama da pear. Bangaren gaba, sanye take da kirtani, lebur ne, gefen baya yana da ma'ana. Matsakaicin girman shari'ar shine 50 cm tsayi kuma faɗin cm 30.

An makala wani ɗan ƙaramin wuya a jiki, sanye da ƙwanƙarar ƙarfe da kai ɗan lankwasa baya. An shimfiɗa igiyoyi tare da ɓangaren gaba, adadin wanda ya bambanta: akwai zaɓuɓɓukan zane tare da akalla hudu, tare da iyakar igiyoyi goma sha biyu.

Wani lokaci ana haɗe plectrum - ya fi dacewa a yi wasa da shi fiye da yatsa, sautin ya fi tsafta.

Menene sauti kobza?

Kayan aiki yana da tsarin quarto-quint. Sautinsa mai laushi ne, mai laushi, manufa don rakiyar, ba tare da nutsar da sauran mahalarta wasan ba. Yana da kyau tare da violin, sarewa, clarinet, sarewa.

Sautunan kobza suna bayyanawa, don haka mawaƙin zai iya yin ayyuka masu rikitarwa. Dabarun wasan sun yi kama da na lute: zare kirtani, jituwa, legato, tremolo, ƙarfin ƙarfi.

Tarihi

Ana samun samfura kamar lute a kusan kowace al'ada. Mai yiwuwa, ra'ayin halittarsu an haife shi ne a cikin ƙasashen Gabas. Ana samun kalmomin "kobza", "kobuz" a cikin rubutaccen shaida tun daga karni na XNUMX. Ana kiran gine-gine irin na lute na Ukrainian "kopuz" a Turkiyya, da "cobza" a Romania.

An fi amfani da kobza a cikin Ukraine, bayan da ya ƙaunaci Cossacks: har ma yana da suna na musamman a nan: "Lute of the Cossack", "Cossack lute". Waɗanda suka ƙware dabarun buga ta ana kiran su kobzars. Sau da yawa suna tare da nasu waƙa, tatsuniyoyi, almara tare da Wasan kwaikwayo. Akwai rubuce-rubucen shaida cewa shahararren hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, lokacin da ya karbi jakadun kasashen waje, ya buga kobza.

Baya ga mutanen Ukrainian, an yi amfani da gyare-gyaren lute a cikin ƙasashen Poland, Romania, Rasha. An dauke shi a matsayin taska na kasa, ba ya buƙatar dogon koyo don wasa. Nau'in na Turai sun yi kama da iri ɗaya, sun bambanta da girman da adadin kirtani.

An yi wa ƙarni na XNUMX alama ta hanyar ƙirƙira irin wannan kayan aiki, bandura. Bidi'a ya juya ya zama mafi cikakke, hadaddun, kuma nan da nan ya tilasta "'yar'uwar" daga duniyar kiɗan Ukrainian.

Yau, za ka iya samun saba da tarihin Ukrainian kayan aiki a cikin Museum of Kobza Art a birnin Pereyaslavl-Khmelnitsky: game da 400 nuni da aka sanya a ciki.

Amfani

Mafi yawa Ukrainian lute da ake amfani da Orchestras, jama'a ensembles: yana tare da waƙa ko babban waƙa.

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kuma samun nasarar yin ensembles waɗanda ke da kobza a cikin abun da ke ciki shine National Academic Orchestra of Folk Instruments na Ukraine.