Carlo Maria Giulini |

Carlo Maria Giulini

Rayuwa ce mai tsawo da daraja. Cike da nasara, nunin godiya daga masu sauraro masu godiya, amma kuma ci gaba da nazarin maki, mafi girman maida hankali na ruhaniya. Carlo Maria Giulini ya rayu sama da shekaru casa'in.

Samar da Giulini a matsayin mawaƙa, ba tare da ƙari ba, "ya rungumi" dukan Italiya: kyakkyawan tsibirin, kamar yadda kuka sani, yana da tsawo da kunkuntar. An haife shi a Barletta, wani karamin gari a kudancin yankin Puglia (boot diddige) a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 1914. Amma tun yana ƙarami, rayuwarsa ta haɗu da "mafi girman" arewacin Italiya: yana da shekaru biyar, gaba shugaba ya fara nazarin violin a Bolzano. Yanzu Italiya ce, sannan ita ce Austria-Hungary. Sa'an nan ya koma Roma, inda ya ci gaba da karatu a Academy of Santa Cecilia, koyon buga viola. Yana da shekaru goma sha takwas ya zama mai zane-zane na Orchestra na Augusteum, wani babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Roman. A matsayinsa na mamba na kungiyar kade-kade na Augusteum, ya sami damar - da farin ciki - don yin wasa tare da masu gudanarwa irin su Wilhelm Furtwängler, Erich Kleiber, Victor De Sabata, Antonio Guarnieri, Otto Klemperer, Bruno Walter. Har ma ya taka leda a karkashin sandar Igor Stravinsky da Richard Strauss. A lokaci guda ya yi karatu gudanar da Bernardo Molinari. Ya sami difloma a cikin mawuyacin lokaci, a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, a cikin 1941. An jinkirta halarta na farko: ya sami damar tsayawa a bayan na'urar wasan bidiyo kawai shekaru uku bayan haka, a 1944. An ba shi amana da komai kasa da na farko concert a liberated Roma.

Giulini ya ce: "Darussan gudanar da aiki na bukatar jinkiri, taka tsantsan, kadaici da shiru." Kaddara ta ba shi cikakkiyar lada saboda girman halayensa ga fasaharsa, don rashin aikin banza. A cikin 1950, Giulini ya koma Milan: duk rayuwarsa ta gaba za a haɗa shi da babban birnin arewa. Bayan shekara guda, De Sabata ya gayyace shi zuwa Gidan Rediyo da Talabijin na Italiya da kuma Conservatory na Milan. Godiya ga wannan De Sabate, ƙofofin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na La Scala sun buɗe a gaban matashin jagora. Lokacin da ciwon zuciya ya kama De Sabata a cikin Satumba 1953, Giulini ya gaje shi a matsayin darektan kiɗa. An ba shi amanar bude kakar wasa (tare da opera Valli na Catalani). Giulini zai kasance a matsayin darektan kiɗa na gidan opera na Milan har zuwa 1955.

Giulini dai ya shahara a matsayin opera da madugu na simphony, amma aikinsa na farko ya ƙunshi ɗan gajeren lokaci. A cikin 1968 zai bar opera kuma yana komawa zuwa gare ta lokaci-lokaci a cikin ɗakin rikodin da kuma a Los Angeles a cikin 1982 lokacin da zai gudanar da Verdi's Falstaff. Ko da yake samar da opera ɗinsa ƙarami ne, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin jaruman fassarar kiɗa na ƙarni na ashirin: ya isa ya tuna De Falla's A Short Life da Yarinyar Italiya a Algiers. Jin Giulini, a bayyane yake a fili daga inda daidaito da bayyana fassarori Claudio Abbado suka fito.

Giulini ya gudanar da wasan operas da yawa na Verdi, ya mai da hankali sosai ga kiɗan Rasha, kuma yana ƙaunar marubutan ƙarni na sha takwas. Shi ne ya jagoranci Barber na Seville, wanda aka yi a 1954 a gidan talabijin na Milan. Maria Callas ya yi biyayya da sihirinsa (a cikin sanannen La Traviata wanda Luchino Visconti ya jagoranta). Babban darektan da babban madugu sun hadu a shirye-shiryen Don Carlos a Covent Ganden da Aure na Figaro a Rome. Ayyukan da Giulini ke gudanarwa sun haɗa da Monteverdi's Coronation of Poppea, Gluck's Alcesta, Weber's The Free Gunner, Cilea's Adrienne Lecouvreur, Stravinsky's The Marriage, da Bartók's Castle na Duke Bluebeard. Bukatunsa sun kasance masu faɗin gaske, rerar sa na ban mamaki da gaske ba za a iya fahimta ba, rayuwarsa ta kere-kere tana da tsayi kuma mai aukuwa.

Giulini wanda aka gudanar a La Scala har zuwa 1997 - wasan kwaikwayo goma sha uku, ballet daya da kide-kide hamsin. Tun 1968, ya kasance yana jan hankalinsa ta hanyar kiɗan kiɗa. Duk makada a Turai da Amurka sun so su yi wasa da shi. Wasan sa na farko a Amurka ya kasance a cikin 1955 tare da Mawakan Symphony na Chicago. Daga 1976 zuwa 1984, Giulini ya kasance shugaban kungiyar mawakan Philharmonic na Los Angeles na dindindin. A Turai shi ne Babban Darakta na Orchestra na Symphony Vienna daga 1973 zuwa 1976 kuma, ban da haka, ya yi wasa tare da sauran shahararrun makada.

Wadanda suka ga Giulini a kwamitin kula da su sun ce abin da ya nuna ya kasance na farko, kusan rashin kunya. Maestro ba ya cikin masu baje kolin, waɗanda suka fi son kansu a cikin kiɗa fiye da kiɗan a kansu. Ya ce: “Waƙar da ke kan takarda ta mutu. Aikinmu ba komai bane illa ƙoƙarin farfado da wannan ƙididdiga marasa aibi na alamomi. Giulini ya ɗauki kansa a matsayin bawan marubucin kiɗa: "Taswirar wani aiki ne na girman kai ga mawaki."

Nasara da yawa ba ta juyar da kansa ba. A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na aikinsa, jama'ar Paris sun ba Giulini ta'aziyya na kwata na sa'a ɗaya don Requiem na Verdi, wanda Maestro ya yi magana kawai: "Na yi farin ciki da cewa zan iya ba da ɗan ƙauna ta hanyar kiɗa."

Carlo Maria Giulini ya mutu a Brescia a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2005. Jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa, Simon Rattle ya ce, "Ta yaya zan iya gudanar da Brahms bayan Giulini ya jagoranci shi"?