Boston Symphony Orchestra |

Mawakan Symphony na Boston

Daya daga cikin tsoffin makada na kade-kade a Amurka. An kafa shi a cikin 1881 ta majiɓinci G. Lee Higginson. Mawakan sun haɗa da ƙwararrun mawaƙa daga Austria da Jamus (asali mawaƙa 60, daga baya ca. 100). Waƙar farko ta ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Symphony ta Boston a ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaba G. Henschel ya faru a cikin 1881 a zauren kiɗa na Boston. A ƙarshen karni na 19th Orchestra na Boston Symphony ya kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin masu gudanarwa: V. Guericke (1884-89; 1898-1906), A. Nikish (1889-93), E. Paur (1893-98). Tun daga 1900, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta kasance koyaushe tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin zauren Symphony. Babban mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙwarewar wasan kwaikwayo na Orchestra na Symphony na Boston shine aikin K. Mook, wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a 1906-18 (tare da hutu; a cikin 1908-12 darektan kiɗa M. Fidler). Bayan mutuwar Higginson, wanda ya ba da kuɗin ayyukan ƙungiyar mawaƙa, an kafa kwamitin amintattu. A lokacin lokacin 1918-19, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Boston Symphony ta yi a ƙarƙashin hannu. A. Rabo, P. Monteux (1919-24) ne ya maye gurbinsa, wanda ya cika repertore na ƙungiyar makaɗa da ayyukan kiɗan Faransa na zamani.

Ranar farin ciki na Orchestra na Symphony na Boston yana da alaƙa da SA Koussevitsky, wanda ya jagoranci ta tsawon shekaru 25 (1924-49). Ya amince da halayen halayen wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyar mawaƙa, ya gabatar da yawancin ayyukan kiɗa na Rasha a cikin repertoire. (Ƙungiyar Mawakan Symphony ta Boston tana ɗaya daga cikin masu fassarar aikin PI Tchaikovsky na farko a Amurka). A yunƙurin Koussevitzky, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Symphony ta Boston a karon farko ta yi ayyuka da yawa ta mawaƙa na zamani - SS Prokofiev, A. Honegger, P. Hindemith, IF Stravinsky, B. Bartok, DD Shostakovich, da kuma marubutan Amurka - A. Copland, W. Piston, W. Shumen da sauransu. Koussevitzky ya shirya bikin mako shida na Berkshire a Tanglewood (Massachusetts), inda kungiyar Orchestra Symphony ta Boston ta yi. A cikin 1949-62 ƙungiyar mawaƙa S. Munsch ne ya jagoranci ƙungiyar, ya maye gurbinsa da E. Leinsdorf (tun 1962). Tun daga 1969, W. Steinberg ke jagorantar ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Symphony ta Boston. Manyan masu jagoranci na kasashe daban-daban - E. Ansermet, B. Walter, G. Wood, A. Casella da sauransu, da mawaƙa - AK Glazunov, V. d'Andy, R. Strauss, D. Milhaud, O. Respighi , M. Ravel, SS Prokofiev da sauransu.

Lokacin Orchestra na Symphony na Boston yana gudana daga Oktoba zuwa tsakiyar Agusta kowace shekara kuma ya haɗa da kide-kide sama da 70. A kai a kai (tun 1900) ana gudanar da kide-kide na rani na jama'a, abin da ake kira. Boston Pops, yana nuna kusan. Mawaƙa 50 na ƙungiyar makaɗa (tun 1930 A. Fidler ya jagoranci waɗannan shahararrun shirye-shiryen). Kungiyar kade-kaden Symphony ta Boston ita ma tana gudanar da jerin kide-kide a manyan biranen Amurka, kuma tana rangadin kasashen waje tun 1952 (a cikin USSR a 1956).

MM Yakovlev

Darektan kiɗa na ƙungiyar makaɗa:

1881-1884 – George Henschel 1884-1889 – Wilhelm Guericke 1889-1893 – Arthur Nikisch 1893-1898 – Emil Paur 1898-1906 – Wilhelm Guericke 1906-1908 – 1908 Karl Muck 1912-1912 1918 - Henri Rabaud 1918-1919 - Pierre Monteux 1919-1924 - Sergei Koussevitzky 1924-1949 - Charles Munch 1949-196 - Erich Leinsdorf 1962-1969 - William Steinberg 1969-1972