Basset ƙaho: bayanin kayan aiki, tarihi, abun da ke ciki, amfani

Ƙhon basset alto nau'in clarinet ne mai tsayin jiki da ƙasa, laushi da sautin zafi.

Wannan kayan aiki ne mai jujjuyawa - ainihin sautin sautin irin waɗannan kayan aikin bai dace da wanda aka nuna a cikin bayanin kula ba, ya bambanta ta wani tazara ƙasa ko sama.

Ƙhon basset wani bakin magana ne wanda ke ratsa ta cikin bututu mai lanƙwasa zuwa cikin jiki wanda ya ƙare a cikin lanƙwasa kararrawa. Kewayon sa ya yi ƙasa da na clarinet, yana kaiwa ƙasa zuwa bayanin kula har zuwa ƙaramin octave. Ana samun wannan ta kasancewar ƙarin bawuloli waɗanda ƙananan yatsu ko manyan yatsa na hannun dama ke sarrafawa, dangane da ƙasar da aka yi.

Ƙhonin Basset na ƙarni na 18 suna da lanƙwasa da ɗaki na musamman wanda iska ta canza alkibla sau da yawa sannan ta faɗi cikin ƙararrawar ƙarfe mai faɗaɗa.

Ɗaya daga cikin kwafin farko na wannan kayan aikin iska, wanda aka ambata a madogararsa na rabin na biyu na karni na 18, shine aikin masters Michael da Anton Meirhofer. Mawakan sun ji daɗin ƙaho na basset, waɗanda suka fara shirya ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da yin wasan opera aria wanda ya shahara a wancan lokacin, wanda aka shirya musamman don sabon ƙirƙira. Freemasons kuma sun kula da "dangin" na clarinet: sun yi amfani da shi a lokacin yawan su. Tare da ƙananan timbre mai zurfi, kayan aikin ya yi kama da gabobin jiki, amma ya fi sauƙi kuma ya fi dacewa don amfani.

A. Stadler, A. Rolla, I. Bakofen, da sauran mawaƙa sun rubuta don ƙahon basset. Mozart yayi amfani da shi a cikin ayyuka da yawa - "The Magic sarewa", "Aure na Figaro", sanannen "Requiem" da sauransu, amma ba duka aka kammala. Bernard Shaw ya kira kayan aikin "babu makawa don jana'izar" kuma ya yi imanin cewa idan ba don Mozart ba, kowa zai manta game da wanzuwar "alto clarinet", marubucin ya yi la'akari da sautinsa mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa.

Ƙhon basset ya yaɗu a ƙarshen 18th da farkon ƙarni na 19, amma daga baya an daina amfani da shi. Kayan aikin ya sami wuri a cikin ayyukan Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Danzi, amma kusan ya ɓace cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa. A cikin karni na 20, shaharar ƙaho na basset ya fara dawowa sannu a hankali. Richard Strauss ya ba shi matsayi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Elektra da Der Rosenkavalier, kuma a yau yana cikin clarinet ensembles da orchestras.