Arvo Avgustovich Pärt |

Arvo Part

Arvo Pärt yana ɗaya daga cikin mawallafa masu zurfi da ruhi na zamaninmu, mai zane mai girman gaske na ciki da sauƙi mai sauƙi. Ya yi daidai da fitattun mawakan zamani kamar A. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulina, G. Kancheli, E. Denisov. Ya fara samun shahara a cikin 50s, ya tsara a cikin salon neoclassicism na gaye, sannan yayi gwaji tare da dukkanin arsenal na avant-garde - dabarar serial, sonorics, polystylists; daya daga cikin na farko a cikin Soviet composers ya juya zuwa aleatorics da collage. Daga cikin ayyukan waɗancan shekarun - "Obituary" don ƙungiyar mawaƙa na kade-kade, wasan kwaikwayo "Perpetuum mobile", sadaukar da Luigi Nono; "Collage a kan jigon BACH", Symphony na biyu, concerto cello "Pro et contra", cantata "Credo" (akan rubutun daga Huduba akan Dutse). A cikin marigayi 60s, ba zato ba tsammani ga kowa da kowa, Pärt ya bar avant-garde kuma ya rubuta kusan kome ba na 8 shekaru (kawai 3 symphonies ya bayyana).

Tun farkon shekarun 1970, mawaƙin ya fara nazarin kiɗan farko tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyar kiɗan Hortus. Sanin waƙar Gregorian da kuma polyphony na tsakiya ya ƙayyade alkiblar juyin halitta na mawaƙi zuwa diatonicity, tsari da euphony. "Mawaƙin Gregorian ya koya mani abin da ke ɓoye sirrin sararin samaniya a cikin fasahar haɗa rubutu biyu ko uku," in ji mawaki. Daga yanzu, haɗa kiɗan ya zama wa Pärt wani nau'in sabis mafi girma, tawali'u da ƙin kai.

Mawaƙin ya kira sabon salonsa, bisa ga mafi sauƙi abubuwan sauti, tintinnabuli (lat. Bells) kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "gujewa cikin talauci na son rai." Koyaya, waƙarsa “mai sauƙi”, “talakawa” kuma a fili take mai ɗaci ɗaya tana da sarƙaƙƙiya kuma an gina ta a hankali. Mawaƙin ya sha bayyana ra'ayin cewa ba kiɗa kawai ba, har ma da sararin samaniya da lamba ke motsa shi, "kuma wannan lambar, a gare ni, ɗaya ce. Amma yana boye, kuna bukatar ku je wurinsa, ku yi tsammani, in ba haka ba za mu yi asara cikin hargitsi.” Lamba na Pärt ba kawai nau'in falsafa ba ne, amma kuma yana ƙayyadaddun ma'auni na abun da ke ciki da tsari.

Ayyukan farko na tsakiyar 70s, waɗanda aka kirkira a cikin salon "sabon sauƙi" - Arbos, Fraters, Summa, Tabula rasa da sauransu sun kawo sunan Pärt a duniya kuma ana yin su sosai. Bayan hijira daga Tarayyar Soviet (1980), Pärt yana zaune a Berlin kuma ya rubuta kusan kida mai tsarki zuwa ga rubutun Katolika da na Orthodox na gargajiya (a cikin 1972 mawallafin ya tuba zuwa bangaskiyar Orthodox). Daga cikinsu: Stabat Mater, Berlin taro, "Song of Silouan" (Monk of Athos), Cantus don tunawa da B. Britten, Te Deum, Miserere, Magnificat, "Waƙar Hajji", "Yanzu na koma gare ku", "Hanya ta ta ta'allaka ne ta cikin duwatsu da kwaruruka", "Uwargidanmu na Budurwa", "Ni ne kurangar inabin gaskiya" da sauran su.

Source: meloman.ru