Oscar Fried |

Oskar Fried

A farkon karni na XNUMX, an gayyaci matashin mawaki Oskar Fried zuwa Vienna don gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na "Bacchic Song" a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ban dariya. A wannan lokacin, bai taXNUMXa tashi a bayan madubin tsayawar ba, amma ya yarda. A Vienna, kafin karatun, Fried ya sadu da shahararren Gustav Mahler. Bayan sun yi magana da Fried na mintuna da yawa, kwatsam ya ce zai yi jagora mai kyau. Kuma ga tambaya mai ban mamaki na matashin mawaƙin, wanda Mahler bai taɓa gani a dandalin ba, ya ƙara da cewa: "Ina jin mutanena nan da nan."

Babban mawaƙin bai yi kuskure ba. Ranar farko ta Vienna ta nuna mafarin ƙwararren shugaba. Oscar Fried ya zo har yau, yana da rayuwa mai yawa da kuma kwarewar kiɗa a bayansa. Tun yana yaro, mahaifinsa ya tura shi makarantar sana'a mai zaman kanta na mawaƙa. An horar da yara maza goma sha biyu da rabi a karkashin jagorancin maigidan don yin kida iri-iri, kuma a kan hanya sun yi duk wani aikin da bai dace ba a kusa da gidan, suna wasa tsawon dare a wuraren shagali, a mashaya. A ƙarshe, saurayin ya gudu daga wurin mai shi, ya yi yawo na dogon lokaci, yana wasa cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, har zuwa 1889 ya sami aikin ɗan wasan ƙaho a cikin ƙungiyar Orchestra ta Frankfurt am Main Symphony. A nan ya sadu da shahararren mawaki E. Humperdinck, kuma ya lura da gwanintarsa, da son rai ya ba shi darussa. Sa'an nan kuma sake tafiya - Dusseldorf, Munich, Tyrol, Paris, biranen Italiya; Fried yana fama da yunwa, hasken wata kamar yadda ya kamata, amma da taurin kai ya rubuta kiɗa.

Tun 1898, ya zauna a Berlin, kuma nan da nan kaddara ta fifita shi: Karl Muck ya yi "Bacchic Song" a daya daga cikin kide-kide, wanda ya sa sunan Frida ya shahara. Abubuwan da ya yi suna cikin repertoire na ƙungiyar makaɗa, kuma bayan da shi da kansa ya fara gudanarwa, shaharar mawaƙin yana girma ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle. Tuni a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 1901, ya yi aiki a yawancin manyan cibiyoyin duniya, ciki har da na farko a kan yawon shakatawa a Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kyiv; a cikin 1907, Fried ya zama babban jagoran ƙungiyar mawaƙa a Berlin, inda ayyukan waƙoƙin Liszt suka yi kyau a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, sannan ya kasance babban jagoran New Symphony Concertos da Orchestra na Blütner. A cikin XNUMX, an buga littafi na farko game da O. Fried a Jamus, wanda shahararren masanin kiɗan P. Becker ya rubuta.

A cikin waɗannan shekarun, an kafa hoton fasaha na Fried. Babban abin tunawa da zurfin tunaninsa na aiwatarwa an haɗa su tare da wahayi da sha'awar fassara. Jarumin farko ya kasance kusa da shi musamman; Hanyoyi masu ƙarfi na ɗan adam na manyan ayyukan jin daɗi na gargajiya - daga Mozart zuwa Mahler - an watsa musu da ƙarfi mara misaltuwa. Tare da wannan, Fried ya kasance mai ƙwazo da farfagandar sabon abu: yawancin ayyukan farko na Busoni, Schoenberg, Stravinsky, Sibelius, F. Dilius suna hade da sunansa; shi ne farkon wanda ya gabatar da masu sauraro a ƙasashe da yawa zuwa ayyuka da yawa na Mahler, R. Strauss, Scriabin, Debussy, Ravel.

Fried sau da yawa yakan ziyarci Rasha a shekarun kafin juyin juya hali, kuma a cikin 1922 shi, na farko na mashahuran mawakan yammacin duniya, ya yanke shawarar zuwa yawon shakatawa zuwa kasar Soviet matasa, wanda yakin basasa ya ji rauni. Mawaƙi mai fasaha wanda ya kasance kusa da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun matakai ya ɗauki matakin jajircewa. A wannan ziyarar, VI Lenin ya karɓi Fried, wanda ya yi magana da shi na dogon lokaci “game da ayyukan gwamnatin ma’aikata a fagen kiɗa.” Jawabin gabatarwa ga kide-kide na Frid ya fito ne daga Kwamishinan Ilimi na Jama'a AV Lunacharsky, wanda ya kira Frid "mai zane masoyi a gare mu" kuma ya kimanta zuwansa a matsayin "bayani na farko mai haske na farfadowar hadin gwiwa tsakanin al'ummomi a fagen fasaha. ” Hakika, ba da daɗewa ba misalin Fried ya sami wasu manyan malamai.

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yawon shakatawa a duk faɗin duniya - daga Buenos Aires zuwa Urushalima, daga Stockholm zuwa New York - Oscar Fried ya zo Tarayyar Soviet kusan kowace shekara, inda ya sami babban shahara. Kuma a 1933, bayan da Nazis ya hau kan mulki, aka tilasta masa barin Jamus, ya zaɓi Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, Fried shi ne babban jagoran kungiyar kade-kade ta Symphony Rediyon All-Union, wanda ya zagaya sosai a cikin ƙasar Soviet, wanda ya zama gidansa na biyu.

A farkon yaƙin, cikin rahotannin kwanaki na farko na yaƙin, an ba da labarin mutuwar mutane a cikin jaridar Sovetskoe Iskusstvo, inda aka ba da sanarwar cewa “bayan ya yi doguwar jinya mai tsanani, shahararren shugaba Oscar Fried ya mutu a Moscow.” Har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa, bai bar ayyukan kirkire-kirkire da zamantakewa ba. A cikin talifin “The Horrors of Fascism”, wanda ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ya rubuta jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa, akwai layin da ke gaba: “Tare da dukan ’yan adam masu ci gaba, na tabbata cewa za a halaka farkisanci a wannan yaƙi mai tsanani.”

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek