Ariy Moiseevich Pazovsky |

Ariya Pazovsky

Jagorar Soviet, Artist na Tarayyar Soviet (1940), wanda ya lashe lambobin yabo na Stalin guda uku (1941, 1942, 1943). Pazovsky taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ci gaban Rasha da kuma Soviet music wasan kwaikwayo. Rayuwarsa ta kirkire-kirkire babban misali ne na hidimar rashin son kai ga fasaharsa ta asali. Pazovsky ya kasance mai fasaha mai fasaha na gaske, koyaushe ya kasance mai gaskiya ga ka'idodin fasaha na gaske.

Wani dalibi na Leopold Auer, Pazovsky ya fara aikin fasaha a matsayin ɗan wasan violin na virtuoso, yana ba da kide-kide bayan kammala karatunsa na Conservatory na St. mataimakin shugaba a Yekaterinburg Opera House. Tun daga nan, kusan rabin karni, aikinsa yana da alaƙa da fasahar wasan kwaikwayo.

Ko kafin juyin juya halin Oktoba, Pazovsky ya jagoranci kamfanonin opera da yawa. Domin yanayi biyu shi ne madugu na S. Zimin ta opera a Moscow (1908-1910), sa'an nan - Kharkov, Odessa, Kyiv. Wani muhimmin wuri a cikin tarihin mawaƙa yana shagaltar da aikinsa na gaba a cikin gidan mutanen Petrograd. Anan yayi magana da Chaliapin sosai. "Tattaunawar kirkire-kirkire da Chaliapin," in ji Pazovsky, "nazari mai zurfi game da fasaharsa, wanda waƙar al'adun Rasha da kuma manyan al'adun gargajiya na Rasha suka haɓaka, a ƙarshe ya gamsar da ni cewa babu wani yanayi na mataki da ya kamata ya tsoma baki tare da kyakkyawan waƙa, wato kiɗa. … »

Hazaka ta Pazovsky ta bayyana da karfi bayan juyin juya halin Oktoba mai girma. Ya yi da yawa domin samuwar Ukrainian opera kamfanoni, shi ne babban madugu na Leningrad Opera da kuma Ballet gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan SM Kirov (1936-1943), sa'an nan shekaru biyar - m darektan da kuma shugaban gudanarwa na Bolshoi Theatre na Tarayyar Soviet. . (Kafin haka, ya gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi a 1923-1924 da 1925-1928.)

Ga abin da K. Kondrashin ya ce game da Pazovsky: "Idan ka tambayi yadda za ka iya bayyana ra'ayi na Pazovsky a takaice, za ka iya ba da amsa: mafi girman kwarewa da ma'ana ga kanka da sauransu. Akwai sanannun labarun game da yadda Pazovsky ya kori masu fasaha don gajiya da buƙatun "lokaci" mai kyau. A halin yanzu, ta hanyar yin wannan, a ƙarshe ya sami mafi girman 'yanci na kirkire-kirkire, tun da al'amuran fasaha sun zama haske na yau da kullun kuma ba su shagaltar da hankalin mai zane ba. Pazovsky ya ƙaunaci kuma ya san yadda ake maimaitawa. Ko da a cikin maimaitawa na ɗari, ya sami kalmomi don sababbin buƙatun timbre da launi na tunani. Kuma mafi mahimmanci shi ne cewa ya juya ba ga mutanen da ke da kayan aiki a hannunsu ba, amma ga masu fasaha: duk umarninsa koyaushe suna tare da gaskatawar tunanin ... Pazovsky shine malami na dukan galaxy na opera mawaƙa na mafi girman aji. Preobrazhenskaya, Nelepp, Kashevarova, Yashugiya, Freidkov, Verbitskaya da sauransu da yawa bashi da su m ci gaban daidai da yin aiki tare da shi ... Kowane wasan kwaikwayon na Pazovsky za a iya rubuta a kan fim, wasan kwaikwayon ya kasance cikakke.

Haka ne, wasan kwaikwayo na Pazovsky ya zama wani lamari a cikin rayuwar fasaha na kasar. Rasha classics ne a tsakiyar da m hankali: Ivan Susanin, Ruslan da Lyudmila, Boris Godunov, Khovanshchina, Prince Igor, Sadko, Maid of Pskov, Snow Maiden, Sarauniya Spades, "Eugene Onegin", "The Enchantress", " Mazeppa ”… Tare da litattafan Rasha da na waje, Pazovsky ya sadaukar da makamashi mai yawa ga wasan opera na Soviet. Saboda haka, a 1937 ya shirya O. Chishko "Battleship Potemkin", da kuma a 1942 - "Emelyan Pugachev" na M. Koval.

Pazovsky ya yi aiki kuma ya halitta duk rayuwarsa tare da m manufa da sadaukarwa. Rashin lafiya mai tsanani ne kawai zai iya raba shi daga aikin da yake ƙauna. Amma ko a lokacin bai karaya ba. A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, Pazovsky ya yi aiki a kan wani littafi, a cikinsa ya bayyana dalla-dalla da ƙayyadaddun ayyukan gudanarwa na opera. Littafin mai ban mamaki yana taimaka wa sababbin mawaƙa na mawaƙa su motsa tare da hanyar fasaha na gaske, wanda Pazovsky ya kasance mai aminci a duk rayuwarsa.

Lit.: Pazovsky A. Jagora kuma mawaƙa. M. 1959; Bayanan Gudanarwa. M., 1966.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek