amsa |
Greek nxo - sauti, murya, jita-jita, echo, echo; Hxo - Ehu (sunan nymph)
Bisa ga tsoffin tatsuniyoyi na tatsuniyoyi da Ovid, Apuleius, Ausonius da sauran tsoffin mawallafa suka gabatar, Echo nymph ce, 'yar allahn kogin Cephis da nymph Lavrion; Jarumin la'ananne (bisa ga tatsuniyar Roman - Juno), E. ba zai iya magana da farko ba, kuma ya amsa tambayoyin kawai ta maimaita kalmomin ƙarshe; Narcissus ya ƙi, ta koma dutse. Kalmar "E." tun zamanin d ¯ a yana nuna tasirin tunanin raƙuman sauti. Idan tunani ya kai ga mai sauraro a cikin kasa da dakika 1/20. bayan babban sautin, yana haɗuwa da shi kuma yana haɓaka shi, idan bayan 1/20 sec. da ƙari - an gane shi azaman dep. echo kuma yana iya rikitar da fahimtar kalmomi sosai, fahimtar kiɗa. A cikin raye-rayen kiɗan da ke amfani da fasaha na E., kamar yadda yake a cikin E., maimaituwa na wasu ƙuruciya da muses. ana ba da jimloli a cikin sauti mai natsuwa, galibi ana raba su ta hanyar timbre-register. Tasirin E. shine mafi ƙarfi a lokuta inda wok. kiɗan yana maimaita ƙarshen gine-gine tare da kalmomin ƙarshe na rubutu iri ɗaya. Irin wannan E. daga karni na 16. yawanci ana amfani da shi a cikin Italiyanci. madrigals, motets, cantatas, operas. A wasu lokuta, an haɗa dukkan al'amuran cikin operas da aka gina akan maimaita amfani da tasirin E. (Purcell's The Fairy Queen, Gluck's Orpheus da Eurydice, R. Strauss's Ariadne auf Naxos, da sauransu). An kuma yi amfani da tasirin E. a cikin instr. kiɗa - a cikin samarwa. don kayan aikin madannai irin su fantasy da bambance-bambancen karatu, haka nan a cikin ɗakin daki da kayan kida. op. (A. Banchieri, "Fantasia in eco", 1603; B. Marini, "Sonata in eco", 1629; K. Stamitz, "Symphonie en echo", 1721). Lokaci-lokaci, JS Bach ya juya zuwa sakamakon E. (ya kira sashin ƙarshe na h-moll overture a cikin littafin 2nd na Clavier Exercises, BWV 831, "E."). Har ila yau, ƙwararrun Viennese sun yi amfani da tasirin E. (J. Haydn, "Echo" don igiyoyi 2. trio, Hob. II, 39; WA Mozart, Nocturne don 4 orchestras, K.-V. 286). Nadi "E." lokacin sanya sunayen gabobin suna nuna taushin sautinsu (a ciki. Zartflute gabobin, lit. - sarewa mai laushi, sau da yawa ana kiransa “E.”; a cikin Faransanci – Cornet d’echo).
EV Gertzman
