Electric guitar: abun da ke ciki, ka'idar aiki, tarihi, iri, wasa dabaru, amfani

Gita na lantarki nau'in kayan aiki ne da aka tara sanye da na'urorin lantarki na lantarki wanda ke juyar da jijjiga kirtani zuwa wutar lantarki. Gitar lantarki na ɗaya daga cikin ƙaramin kayan kida, an ƙirƙira shi a tsakiyar karni na 20. A waje yana kama da sauti na al'ada, amma yana da ƙira mafi rikitarwa, sanye take da ƙarin abubuwa.

Yadda gitar lantarki ke aiki

Jikin kayan aikin lantarki an yi shi da maple, mahogany, itacen ash. An yi fretboard daga ebony, rosewood. Yawan kirtani shine 6, 7 ko 8. Samfurin yana auna 2-3 kg.

Tsarin wuyansa kusan yana kama da na guitar guitar. Akwai frets a kan allon yatsa, da kuma kunna turaku a kan babban akwati. An haɗa wuyan wuyansa zuwa jiki tare da manne ko ƙugiya, a ciki an sanye shi da anga - kariya daga lankwasa saboda tashin hankali.

Suna yin nau'ikan jiki guda biyu: m da kauri, dukansu lebur ne. Gitarar wutar lantarki maras tushe suna sauti mai laushi, taushi, kuma ana amfani da su a cikin abubuwan shuɗi da jazz. Ƙaƙƙarfan guitar guitar tana da ƙarin huda, sauti mai ƙarfi wanda ya dace da kiɗan dutse.

Gitar lantarki ya kamata ya ƙunshi abubuwa waɗanda ke bambanta shi da danginsa na sauti. Waɗannan su ne sassa masu zuwa na guitar lantarki:

• Gada - gyaran igiyoyi a kan bene. Tare da tremolo - mai motsi, yana ba ku damar canza tashin hankalin kirtani da sauti ta sautuna biyu, kunna vibrato tare da buɗewar kirtani. Ba tare da tremolo ba - mara motsi, tare da ƙira mai sauƙi.
• Pickups su ne na'urori masu auna firikwensin don canza girgiza kirtani zuwa siginar lantarki na nau'i biyu: coil guda ɗaya, wanda ke ba da sauti mai tsabta, mafi kyau ga blues da ƙasa, da kuma humbucker, wanda ke samar da sauti mai ƙarfi, mai arziki, mafi kyau ga dutse.

Ko da a jiki akwai sautin sauti da sarrafa ƙarar da aka haɗa da abubuwan ɗaukar hoto.

Don kunna gitar lantarki, kuna buƙatar siyan kayan aiki:

• combo amplifier - babban bangaren don cire sautin guitar, yana iya zama bututu (mafi kyawun sauti) da transistor;
• fedals don ƙirƙirar tasirin sauti iri-iri;
• processor – na'urar fasaha don aiwatar da lokaci guda na tasirin sauti da yawa.

Ka'idojin aiki

Tsarin gitar lantarki mai kirtani 6 iri ɗaya ne da na acoustic: mi, si, sol, re, la, mi.

Za a iya "saki kirtani" don sa sauti ya fi nauyi. Mafi sau da yawa, na 6, kirtani mafi kauri an "saki" daga "mi" zuwa "re" da ƙasa. Ya fito da tsarin da aka fi so da ƙananan ƙarfe, sunan wanda shine "digo". A cikin gitatar lantarki mai kirtani 7, kirtan ƙasa yawanci ana “sakin” a cikin “B”.

Ana samar da sautin gitar lantarki ta hanyar ɗaukar hoto: hadaddun maganadisu da igiyar waya da ke kewaye da su. A kan lamarin, suna iya kama da faranti na ƙarfe.

Ka'idar aiki na ɗaukar hoto shine jujjuyawar kirtani zuwa bugun bugun jini mai canzawa. Mataki-mataki yana faruwa kamar haka:

• Jijjiga kirtani yana yaduwa a cikin filin da aka kafa ta hanyar maganadiso.
• A cikin haɗin da aka haɗa amma a lokacin hutu, hulɗa tare da ɗaukar hoto baya sa filin maganadisu yayi aiki.
• Taɓawar mawaƙin zuwa zaren yana haifar da bayyanar wutar lantarki a cikin nada.
• Wayoyin suna ɗaukar halin yanzu zuwa amplifier.

Labarin

A cikin 1920s, 'yan wasan blues da jazz sun yi amfani da gitar mai sauti, amma yayin da nau'o'in nau'ikan suka haɓaka, ƙarfin sautinsa ya fara rasa. A cikin 1923, injiniya Lloyd Gore ya sami damar fito da nau'in nau'in lantarki. A cikin 1931, Georges Beauchamps ya ƙirƙiri ɗaukar hoto na lantarki. Ta haka ne aka fara tarihin guitar guitar.

Gitar wutar lantarki ta farko a duniya an yi wa lakabi da "Frying pan" don jikin karfe. A cikin ƙarshen 30s, masu sha'awar sun yi ƙoƙari su haɗa abubuwan ɗaukar hoto zuwa gitar Mutanen Espanya mara kyau daga nau'in gargajiya, amma gwajin ya haifar da murɗa sauti, bayyanar amo. Injiniyoyin sun kawar da lahani ta hanyar jujjuyawar juzu'i sau biyu, mai dagula yunƙurin amo.

A cikin 1950, ɗan kasuwa Leo Fender ya ƙaddamar da gitatar Esquire, daga baya samfuran Watsa shirye-shirye da Telecaster sun bayyana a kasuwa. An gabatar da Stratocaster, mafi mashahuri nau'i na guitar lantarki, a kasuwa a cikin 1954. A cikin 1952, Gibson ya saki Les Paul, guitar lantarki wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ma'auni. Gitar lantarki mai kirtani 8 na farko na Ibanez an yi shi ne don yin oda ga masu rockers na Sweden Meshuggah.

Nau'in gitar lantarki

Babban bambanci tsakanin gitar lantarki shine girman. Fender ne ke samar da ƙananan guitar. Shahararriyar ƙaramin kayan aikin alamar ita ce Hard Tail Stratocaster.

Shahararrun samfuran gitar lantarki da fasalin samfur:

• Stratocaster wani samfurin Amurka ne mai ɗaukar hoto 3 da hanyar sauya hanya 5 don faɗaɗa haɗin sauti.
• Superstrat - asalin wani nau'in stratocaster ne tare da nagartaccen kayan aiki. Yanzu superstrat babban nau'in gita ne, wanda ya bambanta da wanda ya gabace shi a cikin wani kwane-kwane na jikin da ba a saba gani ba da aka yi da wani nau'in itace na daban, da kuma abin hawa, mai riƙe da igiya.
• Lespol samfuri ne mai mahimmanci na kyawawan sifa tare da jikin mahogany.
• Telecaster - guitar lantarki, wanda aka yi a cikin salo mai sauƙi na ash ko alder.
• SG kayan aiki ne na ƙaho na asali da aka yi daga itace guda ɗaya.
• Explorer guitar ce mai siffar tauraro tare da sauya sauti a gefen jiki.
• Randy Rhoads ɗan gajeren sikelin gitar lantarki ne. Mafi dacewa don ƙididdigewa da sauri.
• Flying V shine gitar da aka share ta baya wanda masu rockers suka fi so. Dangane da shi, an yi Sarki V - abin ƙira don guitarist Robbin Crosby, wanda ake yi wa lakabi da "sarki".
• BC Rich kyawawan gitar rocker ne. Shahararrun samfura sun haɗa da Mockingbird, wanda ya bayyana a cikin 1975, da Warlock lantarki da gitar bass tare da kwandon jikin “shaidan” don ƙarfe mai nauyi.
• Firebird shine samfurin katako na farko na Gibson tun 1963.
• Jazzmaster guitar guitar ce da aka samar tun 1958. "Kugu" na jiki yana gudun hijira don dacewa da wasan da ke zaune, tun da jazzmen, sabanin rockers, ba sa wasa a tsaye.

Dabarun wasan guitar guitar

Zaɓin hanyoyin da za a kunna gitar lantarki yana da kyau, ana iya haɗa su kuma a canza su. Mafi yawan dabaru:

• guduma-on - buga tare da yatsunsu daidai da jirgin saman fretboard akan igiyoyi;
• cire-kashe - akasin fasahar da ta gabata - karya yatsu daga igiyoyin sauti;
• lanƙwasa - kirtani da aka danna yana motsawa a kai tsaye zuwa fretboard, sautin a hankali ya zama mafi girma;
• zamewa - matsar da yatsunsu tsayin kirtani sama da ƙasa;
• vibrato - rawar jiki na yatsa a kan kirtani;
• trill - saurin haifuwa na bayanin kula guda biyu;
• rake - wucewa da kirtani tare da bayyanar da bayanin kula na ƙarshe, a lokaci guda an kashe layin kirtani tare da yatsa na hagu;
• flageolet - ɗan taɓawa tare da yatsan igiya sama da 3,5,7, 12 goro, sannan ɗauka tare da plectrum;
• bugawa - kunna bayanin kula na farko da yatsan dama, sannan wasa da yatsun hagu.

Amfani

Mafi sau da yawa, rockers na kowane bangare na amfani da gitar lantarki, ciki har da punk da madadin dutsen. Ana amfani da sauti mai ƙarfi da "tsage" a cikin dutse mai wuya, mai laushi da polyphonic - a cikin mutane.

Mawakan jazz da blues ne ke zaɓar guitar lantarki, ƙasa da ƙasa ta masu yin fafutuka da disco.

Yadda za a zabi

Mafi kyawun zaɓi don mafari shine kayan aikin 6-string 22-fret tare da ƙayyadaddun ma'auni da wuyan wuyansa.

Don zaɓar guitar da ta dace kafin siyan:

• Yi nazarin samfurin. Tabbatar cewa babu lahani na waje, karce, kwakwalwan kwamfuta.
• Saurari yadda igiyoyin ke sauti ba tare da amplifier ba kwata-kwata. Kar a ɗauki kayan aikin idan sautin ya yi shuɗi sosai, ana jin raɗaɗi.
• Bincika idan wuyansa yana da lebur, yana da kyau a haɗe zuwa jiki, kuma yana da dadi a hannu.
• Gwada yin wasa ta haɗa kayan aiki zuwa ƙarar sauti. Duba ingancin sautin.
• Bincika yadda kowace ɗaukar kaya ke aiki. Canja ƙara da sautin. Canje-canjen sauti yakamata ya zama santsi, ba tare da hayaniyar da ba.
• Idan akwai mawaƙin da aka sani, a tambaye shi ya buga waƙar da za a iya ganewa. Dole ne ya yi sauti mai tsabta.

Gitar lantarki ba arha ba ce, don haka ɗauki siyan ku da mahimmanci. Kyakkyawan kayan aiki zai daɗe na dogon lokaci, yana ba ku damar haɓaka ƙwarewar kiɗan ku ba tare da wata matsala ba.