George Solti |

Georg solti

Wanne ne daga cikin masu gudanarwa na zamani ke da mafi yawan lambobin yabo da kyaututtuka na rikodin rikodin? Ko da yake ba a taɓa yin irin wannan ƙididdiga ba, ba shakka, wasu masu suka sun yi imanin cewa darekta na yanzu kuma babban mai kula da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Covent Garden na London, Georg (George) Solti, zai kasance zakara a wannan fagen. Kusan kowace shekara, ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa daban-daban, al'ummomi, kamfanoni da mujallu suna girmama jagoran da mafi girma girma. Shi ne wanda ya ci kyautar Edison Prize da aka ba shi a cikin Netherlands, Kyautar Critics Prize na Amurka, Kyautar Charles Cross ta Faransa don yin rikodin Symphonies na biyu na Mahler (1967); Bayanansa na wasan kwaikwayo na Wagner ya sami Grand Prix na Kwalejin Rikodin Faransanci sau hudu: Rhine Gold (1959), Tristan und Isolde (1962), Siegfried (1964), Valkyrie (1966); a cikin 1963, an ba wa Salome lambar yabo iri ɗaya.

Sirrin irin wannan nasarar ba wai kawai Solti ya rubuta da yawa ba, kuma sau da yawa tare da irin waɗannan masu soloists kamar B. Nilsson, J. Sutherland, V. Windgassen, X. Hotter da sauran masu fasaha na duniya. Babban dalili shine wurin ajiyar gwanintar mai zane, wanda ya sa rikodin nasa ya zama cikakke. Kamar yadda wani mai sukar lamirin ya lura, Solti ya rubuta ta hanyar "yawaita ayyukansa da kashi dari biyu don samun adadin da ake bukata a sakamakon haka." Yana son maimaita gutsuttsura guda ɗaya akai-akai, yana samun sauƙi ga kowane jigo, elasticity da launi na sauti, daidaiton rhythmic; yana son yin aiki tare da almakashi da manne a kan tef, la'akari da wannan bangare na aikinsa kuma tsari ne na kirkire-kirkire da kuma cimma cewa mai sauraro ya karbi rikodin inda ba a ga "seams" ba. Ƙungiyar mawaƙa a cikin tsarin rikodi yana bayyana ga mai gudanarwa a matsayin kayan aiki mai rikitarwa wanda ya ba shi damar cimma aiwatar da duk ra'ayoyinsa.

Ƙarshen, duk da haka, ya shafi aikin yau da kullum na mai zane, wanda babban filin aikinsa shine gidan opera.

Babban ƙarfin Solti shine aikin Wagner, R. Strauss, Mahler da marubutan zamani. Duk da haka, wannan ba yana nufin cewa duniyar wasu yanayi ba, sauran hotuna masu sauti kuma baƙon abu ne ga mai gudanarwa. Ya tabbatar da iyawarsa a tsawon shekarun da ya yi dogon aikin kere kere.

Solti ya girma ne a garinsa na Budapest, inda ya sauke karatu a nan a shekara ta 1930 daga Kwalejin Kiɗa a aji 3. Kodai a matsayin mawaki da E. Donany a matsayin mai wasan pianist. Bayan samun diploma yana da shekaru goma sha takwas, sai ya tafi aiki a Budapest Opera House kuma ya dauki wurin madugu a can a 1933. Duniya shahara ya zo ga artist bayan ganawa da Toscanini. Hakan ya faru ne a Salzburg, inda Solti, a matsayin mataimakiyar madugu, ko ta yaya ya samu damar gudanar da wani bita na daurin auren Figaro. Ta hanyar kwatsam, Toscanini ya kasance a cikin rumfuna, wanda a hankali ya saurari dukan karatun. Lokacin da Solti ya gama, sai aka yi shiru na mutuwa, inda aka ji kalma ɗaya da maestro ya furta: “Bene!” - "Na gode!". Ba da daɗewa ba kowa ya san game da shi, kuma makoma mai haske ta buɗe a gaban matashin jagoran. Amma zuwan mulkin Nazi ya tilasta wa Solti yin hijira zuwa Switzerland. Na dogon lokaci bai sami damar gudanar da aiki ba kuma ya yanke shawarar yin wasan piano. Kuma a sa'an nan nasara ya zo da sauri: a 1942 ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko a gasar a Geneva, ya fara ba da kide-kide. A 1944, bisa gayyatar da Ansermet ya gudanar da yawa kide kide da wake-wake da Swiss Radio Orchestra, da kuma bayan yakin ya koma gudanar.

A shekara ta 1947, Solti ya zama shugaban gidan opera na Munich, a 1952 ya zama shugaban gudanarwa a Frankfurt am Main. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Solti yana yawon shakatawa a ƙasashen Turai da yawa kuma yana yin wasanni akai-akai a Amurka tun 1953; duk da haka, duk da tayin da ake samu, ya ƙi ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen waje. Tun 1961, Solti ya kasance shugaban ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun gidajen wasan kwaikwayo a Turai - Lambun Covent na London, inda ya shirya abubuwa masu kayatarwa. Makamashi, son kide-kide da kide-kide ya kawo sunan Solti a duk duniya: ana son shi musamman a Ingila, inda aka yi masa lakabi da "Babban wizard na sandar jagora."

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969