Agrippina Vaganova: daga "shahidi na ballet" zuwa na farko farfesa na choreography

A duk rayuwarta an dauke ta a matsayin mai rawa mai sauƙi, ta karbi lakabin ballerina wata daya kafin ta yi ritaya. Bugu da ƙari, sunanta yana daidai da manyan mata kamar Matilda Kshesinskaya, Anna Pavlova, Olga Spesivtseva. Bugu da ƙari, ta kasance farfesa na farko na rawa na gargajiya a Rasha, wanda ya horar da dukan galaxy na mafi kyawun rawa na karni na 6. Cibiyar Kwalejin Ballet ta Rasha a St. Petersburg tana dauke da sunanta; An sake buga littafinta mai suna "Fundamentals of Classical Dance" sau XNUMX. Kalmar "makarantar ballet na Rasha" don duniyar ballet tana nufin "makarantar Vaganova," wanda ya sa ya zama abin mamaki cewa yarinyar Grusha ta kasance a matsayin matsakaici.

Yarinyar dalibin ba kyakkyawa ba ne; fuskarta tana da yanayin yanayin mutum mai wuyar rayuwa, manyan ƙafafu, hannaye masu banƙyama - komai ya bambanta da abin da ake daraja lokacin da aka shigar da shi makarantar ballet. Abin al'ajabi, Grusha Vaganova, wanda mahaifinta ya kawo jarrabawar, wani jami'in da ya yi ritaya ba tare da izini ba, kuma yanzu mai gudanarwa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky, ya zama dalibi. Hakan ya sa rayuwa ta sami sauƙi ga sauran dangin, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙarin ’ya’ya biyu, domin yanzu an tallafa musu da kuɗin jama’a. Amma ba da daɗewa ba mahaifin ya mutu, kuma talauci ya sake fadawa cikin iyalin. Vaganova ya ji kunyar talaucinta sosai; ba ta da kudi ko da mafi yawan abubuwan da ake bukata.

A lokacin da ta fara fitowa a matakin daular, Pear… ya faɗi ƙasa. Tana cikin sauri ta hau kan dandamali a karon farko ta zame ta bugi bayan kan ta kan matattakala ta mirgina matattakala. Duk da tartsatsin idanuwanta ta tashi da gudu ta nufi wajen wasan.

Bayan shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta corps de ballet, ta sami albashi na 600 rubles a shekara, wanda bai isa ba don samun biyan kuɗi. Amma nauyin aikin ya kasance mai ban tsoro - Pear ya shiga kusan dukkanin ballets da operas tare da wuraren rawa.

Sha'awarta na rawa, bincike a lokacin azuzuwan, da aiki tuƙuru ba su da iyaka, amma ba ta taimaka ta kowace hanya don fita daga ƙungiyar ballet. Ko dai ita ce malam buɗe ido na 26, sannan firist ta 16, sannan Nereid ta 32. Hatta masu sukan da suka ga yadda ta yi na wani fitaccen soloist, sun ruɗe.

Vaganova bai fahimci wannan ba: dalilin da yasa wasu mutane ke samun matsayi cikin sauƙi, amma ta yin haka bayan jerin buƙatun wulakanci. Ko da yake ta yi rawa a ilimi daidai, takalmanta na nuna sauƙi sun ɗaga ta a cikin pirouettes, amma babban mawaƙa Marius Petipa ya ƙi ta. Har ila yau, Grusha ba ta da ladabi sosai, wanda ya sa ta zama sanadin rahoton azabtarwa akai-akai.

Bayan wani lokaci, Vaganova har yanzu an danƙa solo sassa. Bambance-bambancenta na gargajiya sun kasance virtuosic, chic da haziƙi, ta nuna mu'ujizar fasaha na tsalle da kwanciyar hankali akan takalman pointe, wanda aka yi mata lakabi da "Sarauniyar bambancin."

Duk rashin mutuncinta bata da k'arshen masu sha'awa. M, jaruntaka, rashin natsuwa, ta sauƙaƙe tare da mutane kuma ta kawo yanayi na annashuwa ga kowane kamfani. An gayyace ta sau da yawa zuwa gidajen cin abinci tare da gypsies, don yawo a kusa da St. Petersburg da dare, kuma ita kanta tana son matsayin mai masaukin baki.

Daga dukan rundunar sha'awar Vaganova ya zaɓi Andrey Aleksandrovich Pomerantsev, memba na hukumar Yekaterinoslav Construction Society da kuma ritaya Laftanar kanar na Reilway sabis. Ya kasance gaba ɗaya kishiyarta - kwanciyar hankali, nutsuwa, taushin hali, kuma ya girme ta. Ko da yake sun kasance ba bisa hukuma aure, Pomerantsev gane da haifa da ba da sunan karshe. An auna rayuwar danginsu kuma an yi farin ciki: an kafa tebur mai ban sha'awa don Ista, kuma an ƙawata itacen Kirsimeti don Kirsimeti. Yana kusa da shigar Kirsimeti itace a Sabuwar Shekara ta Hauwa'u 1918 cewa Pomerantsev zai harbe kansa… Dalilin wannan zai zama yakin duniya na farko da kuma m juyin juya hali upheavals, wanda ya kasa daidaita da kuma tsira.

An kawo Vaganova a hankali don yin ritaya a ranar haihuwarta ta 36, ​​ko da yake wani lokacin an ba ta damar rawa a cikin wasanni inda ta nuna cikakkiyar ƙarfinta da hazaka.

Bayan juyin juya halin, an gayyace ta don koyarwa a Makarantar Choreography Masters, daga inda ta koma Leningrad Choreographic School, wanda ya zama aikinta na rayuwa. Sai ya zama cewa kiranta na gaskiya ba don ta yi rawa ba ne, amma don ta koya wa wasu. Mace mai rauni sanye da siket baƙar fata, rigar rigar dusar ƙanƙara da baƙin ƙarfe za ta ɗaga ɗalibanta su zama masu fasaha da fasaha. Ta ƙirƙiri wani nau'i na musamman na alherin Faransanci, ƙarfin Italiyanci da ruhin Rasha. Hanyoyinta na "Vaganova" sun ba da misali na ballerinas na duniya: Marina Semenova, Natalya Dudinskaya, Galina Ulanova, Alla Osipenko, Irina Kolpakova.

Vaganova sculpted ba kawai soloists; gawarwakin ballet na Leningrad Academic Opera da Ballet Theater mai suna Kirov, wanda aka sani a matsayin mafi kyau a duniya, ya cika da dalibanta.

Babu shekaru ko rashin lafiya ya shafi Agrippina Vaganova. Da kowane bangare nata tana son yin aiki, ƙirƙira, koyarwa, sadaukar da kanta ga aikin da ta fi so ba tare da tanadi ba.

Ta mutu tana da shekaru 72, amma har yanzu tana ci gaba da rayuwa a cikin motsi na har abada na ƙaunataccen ballet.