Yuri Mazurok (Yuri Mazurok) |
Yuri Mazurok
An haife shi a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1931 a birnin Krasnik, Lublin Voivodeship (Poland). Son - Mazurok Yuri Yuryevich (an haife shi a 1965), dan wasan piano.
Yarinta na mawaƙa na gaba ya wuce a cikin Ukraine, wanda ya dade yana shahara saboda kyawawan muryoyinsa. Yuri ya fara raira waƙa, kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka raira waƙa, ba tare da tunani game da sana'ar mawaƙa ba. Bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare, ya shiga Lviv Polytechnic Institute.
A cikin shekarun karatunsa, Yuri ya zama mai sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa - kuma ba kawai a matsayin dan kallo ba, har ma a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo, inda aka fara bayyana fitattun damar muryarsa. Ba da da ewa Mazurok ya zama sananne "Premier" na institute ta opera studio, a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ya yi sassan Eugene Onegin da Germont.
Ba wai kawai malaman ɗakin karatu na mai son sun kasance masu kula da basirar saurayi ba. Ya akai-akai ji shawara zuwa sana'a tsunduma a vocals daga mutane da yawa da kuma, musamman, daga wani sosai iko mutum a cikin birnin, soloist na Lviv Opera House, mutane Artist na Tarayyar Soviet P. Karmalyuk. Yuri ya yi jinkiri na dogon lokaci, saboda ya riga ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin injiniyan man fetur (a 1955 ya sauke karatu daga makarantar kuma ya shiga makarantar digiri). Case ya yanke hukunci. A shekara ta 1960, yayin da yake tafiya a cikin kasuwanci a Moscow, Mazurok ya yi kasadar "kokarin sa'arsa": ya zo wurin kallo a ɗakin karatu. Amma ba kawai haɗari ba ne: sha'awar fasaha, don kiɗa, don waƙa ya kawo shi ɗakin ajiya.
Daga matakan farko na fasaha na fasaha, Yuri Mazurok ya yi sa'a sosai tare da malaminsa. Farfesa SI Migai, a baya daya daga cikin shahararrun baritones, wanda ya yi tare da masu haske na wasan opera na Rasha - F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov, A. Nezhdanova - na farko a Mariinsky, sa'an nan kuma shekaru da yawa - a Bolshoi Gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Wani aiki, m, musamman m mutum, Sergei Ivanovich ya kasance m a cikin hukunce-hukunce, amma idan ya sadu da gaskiya talanti, ya bi da su da m kula da hankali. Bayan ya saurari Yuri, sai ya ce: “Ina tsammanin kai injiniya ne nagari. Amma ina ganin cewa za ku iya barin chemistry da man fetur a yanzu. Take vocals." Tun daga wannan rana, ra'ayin SI Blinking ya ƙaddara hanyar Yuri Mazurok.
SI Migai ya kai shi ajinsa, inda ya gane a cikinsa wanda ya cancanci magajin mafi kyawun mawakan opera. Mutuwa ta hana Sergei Ivanovich kawo ɗalibinsa zuwa difloma, kuma mashawarta na gaba sun kasance - har zuwa ƙarshen ɗakunan ajiya, Farfesa A. Dolivo, kuma a makarantar digiri - Farfesa AS Sveshnikov.
Da farko Yuri Mazurok ya sha wahala a ɗakin ajiyar kayan tarihi. Tabbas, ya tsufa kuma ya fi ƙwararrun ɗalibansa, amma ƙwararru ba ta da shiri sosai: ya rasa tushen ilimin kiɗan, tushen ka'idar da aka samu, kamar sauran, a makarantar kiɗa, a kwaleji.
Yanayin ya ba Yu. Mazurok tare da baritone tare da kyan gani na musamman na timbre, babban kewayon, har ma a cikin duk rajista. Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan opera mai son sun taimaka masa ya sami ma'anar mataki, haɗa fasahar wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma fahimtar hulɗa da masu sauraro. Amma makarantar da ya shiga cikin azuzuwan Conservatory, nasa hali ga sana'a na opera artist, a hankali, m aiki, m cika duk bukatun da malamai ya ƙaddara hanyarsa na inganta, cin nasara da wuya Heights na fasaha.
Kuma a nan halin da ake ciki ya shafi - juriya, himma da, mafi mahimmanci, ƙauna mai sha'awar raira waƙa da kiɗa.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan suka fara magana game da shi a matsayin sabon suna da ya bayyana a cikin opera firmament. A cikin shekaru 3 kawai, Mazurok ya lashe kyaututtuka a gasa 3 mafi wuyar murya: yayin da yake dalibi, a Prague Spring a 1960 - na biyu; shekara mai zuwa (ya riga ya shiga cikin "rank") a gasar mai suna George Enescu a Bucharest - na uku kuma, a ƙarshe, a gasar II All-Union mai suna MI Glinka a 1962, ya raba wuri na biyu tare da V. Atlantov. da M. Reshetin. Ra'ayin malamai, masu sukar kiɗa, da membobin juri sun kasance, a matsayin mai mulkin, iri ɗaya: taushi da wadatar katako, elasticity da kyawun muryar muryarsa - baritone na lyrical, cantilena na asali - an lura da su musamman.
A cikin shekaru masu rahusa, mawaƙin ya warware ɗaruruwan ayyuka masu rikitarwa. Jarumansa sun kasance masu wayo, Figaro mai hankali a cikin Rossini's The Barber of Seville da kuma mai son Ferdinando (Prokofiev's Duenna), matalauta mai fasaha Marcel (Puccini's La bohème) da Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin - farkon tarihin tarihin fasaha na Yuri Mazurok.
"Eugene Onegin" taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar singer da samuwar ya m hali. A karon farko ya fito a kan dandalin a cikin taken sashin wannan opera a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai son; Sa'an nan kuma ya yi shi a cikin ɗakin studio na Conservatory kuma, a ƙarshe, a kan mataki na Bolshoi Theater (An karɓi Mazurok cikin ƙungiyar masu horarwa a 1963). Wannan bangare ya samu nasarar aiwatar da shi a kan matakan manyan gidajen wasan opera na duniya - a London, Milan, Toulouse, New York, Tokyo, Paris, Warsaw… kida, ma'anar kowane jumla, kowane bangare.
Kuma mabanbanta Onegin a Mazurok - a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi Theater. Anan mai zane ya yanke shawarar hoton ta wata hanya ta daban, yana kaiwa zurfin zurfin tunani, yana kawo wasan kwaikwayo na kaɗaici wanda ke lalata halayen ɗan adam. Onegin nasa hali ne na duniya, mai ɗabi'a, mai iya canzawa kuma mai sabani. Mazurok yana isar da gabaɗayan rikice-rikicen rikice-rikice na ruhaniya na gwarzon nasa da ban mamaki da gaske kuma abin mamaki a gaskiya, babu inda ya faɗi cikin melodramatism da hanyoyin ƙarya.
Bayan rawar Onegin, mai zane ya wuce wani gwaji mai tsanani da alhakin a Bolshoi Theater, yana taka rawar Prince Andrei a cikin yakin da zaman lafiya na Prokofiev. Bugu da ƙari, da rikitarwa na duka maki gaba ɗaya, daɗaɗɗen wasan kwaikwayon, inda yawancin haruffa ke aiki kuma don haka ana buƙatar fasaha na musamman na sadarwa tare da abokan tarayya, wannan hoton da kansa yana da wuyar gaske duka a cikin kiɗa, murya da mataki. . Tsabtace tunanin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, umarnin murya na kyauta, wadatar launukan murya da ma'anar da ba za a iya canzawa ba ta taimaka wa mawaƙa ta zana hoto mai kama da tunani na gwarzo na Tolstoy da Prokofiev.
Y. Mazurok ya yi rawar Andrei Bolkonsky a wasan farko na War da Aminci akan yawon shakatawa na Bolshoi Theatre a Italiya. Yawancin jaridu na kasashen waje sun yaba da fasaharsa kuma sun ba shi, tare da mai wasan kwaikwayo na Natasha Rostova - Tamara Milashkina, babban wuri.
Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan "kambi" na mai zane shine hoton Figaro a cikin "Barber na Seville" na Rossini. Wannan rawar da shi ya yi cikin sauƙi, mai hikima, tare da hazaka da alheri. Shahararren cavatina na Figaro ya yi ƙara a cikin ayyukansa. Amma sabanin da yawa mawaƙa, wanda sau da yawa juya shi zuwa kawai m murya lambar nuna virtuoso dabara, Mazurok's cavatina bayyana halin da gwarzo - ya m hali, azanci, kaifi iko na kallo da kuma barkwanci.
Ƙirƙirar ƙirar Yu.A. Mazurok yana da fadi sosai. A cikin shekaru na aiki a cikin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi Theater, Yuri Antonovich ya yi kusan dukkanin sassan baritone (dukansu na lyrical da ban mamaki!) waɗanda ke cikin tarihin wasan kwaikwayo. Yawancin su suna zama misali na fasaha na wasan kwaikwayo kuma ana iya danganta su da mafi kyawun nasarorin makarantar opera ta ƙasa.
Baya ga wasannin da aka ambata a sama, jarumarsa sune Yeletsky a cikin Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades, tare da ƙauna mai girma; Germont a cikin Verdi's La Traviata babban aristocrat ne, wanda, duk da haka, daraja da mutuncin dangi ya fi kowane abu; da girman kai, Count di Luna a Verdi's Il trovatore; mai taurin kai Demetrius, wanda ya sami kansa a cikin kowane irin yanayi na ban dariya ("Mafarkin Dare na Tsakar lokaci" na Britten); cikin ƙauna tare da ƙasarsa kuma yana ba da labari mai ban sha'awa game da jarabar mu'ujiza na yanayi a Venice, baƙon Vedenets a cikin Sadko na Rimsky-Korsakov; da Marquis di Posa - mai girman kai, mai karfin hali na Mutanen Espanya, ba tare da tsoro ba yana ba da rayuwarsa don adalci, don 'yancin jama'a ("Don Carlos" na Verdi) da antipode - shugaban 'yan sanda Scarpia ("Tosca" na Puccini); mayaƙin bijimin Escamillo (Carmen ta Bizet) da matuƙar jirgin ruwa Ilyusha, ƙaramin yaro wanda ya yi juyin juya hali (Muradeli na Oktoba); matasa, m, m Tsarev (Prokofiev's Semyon Kotko) da kuma duma magatakarda Shchelkalov (Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov). Jerin matsayin Yu.A. Albert ("Werther" Massenet) ya ci gaba da mazurok, Valentin ("Faust" na Gounod), Guglielmo ("Dukkan Mata suna Yi" na Mozart), Renato ("Un ballo in maschera" na Verdi), Silvio ("Pagliacci"). ” na Leoncavallo), Mazepa (“ Mazepa ta Tchaikovsky), Rigoletto (Verdi's Rigoletto), Enrico Aston (Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor), Amonasro (Verdi's Aida).
Kowane ɗayan waɗannan ɓangarorin, gami da ko da gajerun ayyuka na episodic, ana yi masa alama da cikakkiyar cikakkiyar fasaha ta ra'ayin, tunani da kuma gyara kowane bugun jini, kowane daki-daki, yana burge da ƙarfin tunani, cikar kisa. The singer taba raba opera part zuwa raba lambobi, aria, ensembles, amma cimma wani stretch daga farkon zuwa karshen layin ta hanyar ci gaban da image, game da shi taimaka wajen haifar da wani ma'ana na mutunci, ma'ana cikar hoto na. jarumi, buqatar dukkan ayyukansa, ayyukansa, ko dai shi jarumin wasan opera ne ko kuma gajeriyar murya.
Ƙwararriyar ƙwarewarsa mafi girma, kyakkyawar umarni na murya daga matakai na farko a kan mataki ba kawai masu sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo na opera ba, har ma da abokan wasan kwaikwayo. Irina Konstantinovna Arkhipova ya taɓa rubuta cewa: "Na yi la'akari da Y. Mazurok a matsayin mawallafin ƙwararren mawaƙa, wasan kwaikwayonsa ya zama abin ado na kowane wasan kwaikwayo, a kan kowane shahararren wasan opera a duniya. Ya Onegin, Yeletsky, Prince Andrei, da Vedenets bako, Germont, Figaro, di Posa, Demetrius, Tsarev da kuma da yawa wasu hotuna suna alama da wani babban ciki aiki hali, wanda a zahiri bayyana kanta wajen kamewa, wanda shi ne na halitta a gare shi, tun da dukkan hadadden ji, tunani da kuma mawaƙin yana bayyana ayyukan jarumtaka ta hanyar murya. A cikin muryar mawaƙa, na roba a matsayin kirtani, a cikin kyakkyawan sauti, a cikin duk yanayinsa akwai rigar daraja, girmamawa da sauran halaye masu yawa na jarumai na opera - ƙidaya, sarakuna, jarumawa. Wannan ya bayyana irin halayensa na halitta.”
Ayyukan ƙirƙira na Yu.A. Mazurok ba'a iyakance ga aiki a Bolshoi Theatre ba. Ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a sauran gidajen wasan opera na kasar, ya kuma shiga cikin kera kamfanonin opera na kasashen waje. A cikin 1975, mawaƙin ya yi rawar Renato a cikin Verdi's Un ballo a maschera a Covent Garden. A cikin 1978/1979 kakar, ya fara halarta a karon a Metropolitan Opera a matsayin Germont, inda ya kuma yi wani ɓangare na Scarpia a Puccini's Tosca a 1993. Scarpia Mazuroka ya bambanta ta hanyoyi da yawa daga saba fassarar wannan hoton: mafi sau da yawa, da masu yin wasan kwaikwayo sun jaddada cewa shugaban ’yan sanda mutum ne marar ruhi, azzalumi, mai taurin kai. Yu.A. Mazurok, shi ma yana da wayo, kuma yana da iko mai girma, wanda ya ba shi damar ɓoye sha'awa, yaudara a ƙarƙashin tsarin kiwo mara kyau, don kawar da jin dadi tare da dalili.
Yuri Mazurok ya zagaya kasar da kasashen waje tare da kade-kade da wake-wake da dama da kuma samun nasara. Babban mawaƙin na mawaƙin ya haɗa da waƙoƙi da soyayya ta marubutan Rasha da Yammacin Turai - Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninov, Rimsky-Korsakov, Schubert, Schumann, Grieg, Mahler, Ravel, zagayowar waƙa da soyayya ta Shaporin, Khrennikov, Kabalevsky, waƙoƙin jama'a na Ukrainian. Kowane lambar shirinsa cikakke ne, zane, hoto, yanayi, hali, yanayin jarumi. "Yana rera waƙa da ban mamaki… duka a cikin wasan opera da kuma a cikin kide kide da wake-wake, inda wata kyauta da ba kasafai ke taimaka masa ba: yanayin salo. Idan ya rera Monteverdi ko Mascagni, to wannan kiɗan koyaushe zai kasance Italiyanci a Mazurok… A cikin Tchaikovsky da Rachmaninov koyaushe za su rayu da “ƙa'idar Rasha” wacce ba za ta iya tserewa ba… ya bayyana ainihin hankali da hankali na mawaƙa "(IK Arkhipova).
Ma'anar salon, fahimtar da hankali game da yanayin rubutun kiɗa na ɗaya ko wani marubuci - waɗannan halaye sun bayyana a cikin aikin Yuri Mazurok a farkon aikinsa na opera. Bayyanar shaida na wannan ita ce nasara a gasar muryoyin murya ta duniya a Montreal a 1967. Gasar da aka yi a Montreal ta kasance mai wuyar gaske: shirin ya haɗa da ayyuka daga makarantu daban-daban - daga Bach zuwa Hindemith. Abun da ya fi wahala daga mawakin Kanada Harry Sommers “Cayas” (wanda aka fassara daga Indiyanci – “Tsohon da ya wuce”), bisa ingantacciyar waƙa da rubutu na Indiyawan Kanada, an gabatar da shi a matsayin wajibi ga duk masu takara. Daga nan Mazurok ya yi hazaka da wahalhalu da wahalhalu, wanda ya ba shi sunan barkwanci da barkwanci "Indiyawan Kanada" daga jama'a. alkalai sun amince da shi a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa takara a cikin 37 masu wakiltar kasashe 17 na duniya.
Yu.A. Mazurok - Jama'ar Artist na Tarayyar Soviet (1976) da kuma RSFSR (1972), Mai daraja Artist na RSFSR (1968). An ba shi umarni biyu na Red Banner of Labor. A 1996, ya aka bayar da "Firebird" - mafi girma lambar yabo na International Union of Musical Figures.
