Язепс Витолс (Язепс Витолс) |

Sunan mahaifi Vitols

Duk nasarata ita ce cikin farin ciki cewa aikin ya yi nasara. J. Vytol

J. Vitols yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa al'adun kiɗa na Latvia - mawaki, malami, jagora, mai suka da jama'a. Dogaro mai zurfi ga asalin Latvia na ƙasa, al'adun kiɗan Rasha da Jamusanci sun ƙayyade bayyanar fasaha.

An bayyana tasirin Jamus musamman a farkon shekarun. Dukan yanayin lardin Valmiera, inda aka haifi mawaki a cikin dangin malamin motsa jiki na Jelgava, yana cike da ruhin al'adun Jamus - harshe, addini, dandano na kiɗa. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa Vitols, kamar sauran wakilai na ƙarni na farko na mawakan Latvia, sun koyi yin wasa da sashin jiki tun yana yaro (a layi daya, ya yi karatun violin da piano). Yana da shekaru 15, yaron ya fara yin waƙa. Kuma lokacin da a cikin 1880 ba a shigar da shi a cikin Conservatory na St. Abubuwan da aka nuna wa N. Rimsky-Korsakov sun yanke shawarar makomar matashin mawaki. Shekarun da aka kashe a ɗakin ajiya (Vitols ya kammala karatunsa a 1886 tare da ƙaramin zinare) tare da ƙwararrun mashahurai, tare da al'adun fasaha na St. Petersburg, ya zama makaranta mai mahimmanci ga matasa Vitols. Ya zama kusa da A. Lyadov da A. Glazunov, rayayye shiga a cikin taron Belyaevsky da'irar karkashin jagorancin Rimsky-Korsakov, da kuma bayan mutuwar M. Belyaev samu abokai a cikin m gidansa.

Ya kasance a cikin wannan yanayi, har yanzu yana cike da ruhun "Kuchkism" tare da sha'awar al'ummar kasa-na musamman, jama'a, dimokuradiyya, cewa matashin mawaki, wanda a St. Mawaƙin Latvia. Kuma daga bisani, ya yi iƙirarin cewa a cikin Rasha mawaƙansa na 'yan ƙasa sun sami ... mafi kyawun goyon baya ga duk abin da ke cikin kiɗan Latvia: Rasha tana son ba kawai ... na asali a cikin kiɗansa ba, amma kuma yana kula da abubuwa na ƙasa a cikin aikin. sauran mutane.

Ba da daɗewa ba Vitols ya zama kusa da mulkin mallaka na St.

A 1888, mawaki ya dauki bangare a cikin uku General Song Festival a Riga, kullum nuna ayyukansa a shekara-shekara "Autumn Concerts" na Latvia music. Salon da Vitols ya yi aiki sun kasance kusa da saitunan makarantar Korsakov: sauye-sauye na waƙoƙin jama'a, romances (c. 100), mawaƙa, piano guda (miniatures, Sonata, bambance-bambancen karatu), ƙungiyoyin ɗaki, ayyukan shirye-shiryen symphonic (overtures, suites). , wakoki, da sauransu). . p.), Kuma a fagen kade-kade da kiɗan piano, Vitols ya zama majagaba a Latvia (haihuwar maƙiyin Latvia na farko yana da alaƙa da waƙar waƙarsa mai suna "League Holiday" - 1889). Fara aikinsa a matsayin mawaki tare da guntun piano da soyayya, daga ƙarshen 80s. A hankali Vitols ya sami waɗannan nau'o'in da suka fi dacewa da bukatun ƙasa na yanayin fasaharsa - kiɗan mawaƙa da ƙananan shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo, wanda a cikin launi da waƙa ya ƙunshi hotunan tarihinsa na asali.

Dukan rayuwarsa Vitols hankali ya mayar da hankali a kan jama'a song (fiye da 300 shirye-shirye), siffofin da ya yadu aiwatar a cikin aikinsa. 1890s da 1900s - lokacin da aka halicci mafi kyawun ayyuka na mawaƙa - mawaƙa ballads a kan jigon kishin ƙasa - "Beverinsky Singer" (1900), "Kulle Haske", "Sarauniya, Ƙungiyar Fiery"; Symphonic suite Bakwai na Jama'ar Latvia; "Dramatic" da "Spriditis"; Bambance-bambancen piano akan jigon jama'ar Latvia, da sauransu. A wannan lokacin, salon kowane mutum na Vitols a ƙarshe ya ɗauki tsari, yana jan hankali zuwa ga fahimi da haƙiƙa, ƙaƙƙarfan hoto mai ban sha'awa na labarin, kyawawan waƙoƙin waƙar kiɗan.

A cikin 1918, tare da samuwar Jamhuriyar Latvia, Vitols ya koma ƙasarsa, inda ya sadaukar da kansa ga ayyukan ilimi da fasaha tare da sabuntawa, ya ci gaba da tsarawa, kuma ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar Song Festivals. Da farko, ya jagoranci gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Riga, kuma a shekarar 1919 ya kafa kungiyar Conservatory na Latvia, wanda a cikin gajeren hutu har zuwa 1944 ya rike mukamin rector. Yanzu jami'an tsaro na dauke da sunansa.

Vitols ya fara nazarin ilimin koyarwa a St. Petersburg, bayan ya shafe fiye da shekaru 30 a Rasha (1886-1918). Ba wai kawai fitattun fitattun mawakan Rasha (N. Myaskovsky, S. Prokofiev, V. Shcherbachev, V. Belyaev, da dai sauransu) sun ratsa cikin darussa na ka'ida da tsarawa ba, har ma da mutane da yawa daga jihohin Baltic waɗanda suka kafa harsashin ginin ƙasarsu. hada makarantu (Estoniya K Turnpu, Lithuanians S. Shimkus, J. Tallat-Kyalpsha da sauransu). A cikin Riga, Vitols ya ci gaba da haɓaka ka'idodin koyarwa na Rimsky-Korsakov - babban ƙwararru, ƙauna ga fasahar jama'a. Daga cikin almajiransa, waɗanda daga baya za su zama abin alfahari na kiɗan Latvia sun haɗa da mawaƙa M. Zarins, A. Žilinskis, A. Skultė, J. Ivanov, shugaba L. Vigners, masanin kiɗan J. Vītoliņš da sauransu. Petersburg jaridar Jamus St. Petersburger Zeitung (1897-1914).

Rayuwar mawakin ta ƙare a gudun hijira, a Lübeck, inda ya tafi a cikin 1944, amma tunaninsa har zuwa ƙarshe ya kasance a ƙasarsa, wanda har abada ya adana ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar fitaccen mawakinsa.

G. Zhdanova