Nikolaus Harnoncourt |

Nicholas Harnoncourt

Nikolaus Harnoncourt, madugu, cellist, falsafa da kuma makada, yana daya daga cikin jigogi a cikin rayuwar kiɗa na Turai da dukan duniya.

Count Johann Nicolaus de la Fontaine da d'Harnoncourt - Rashin tsoro (Johann Nicolaus Graf de la Fontaine und d'Harnoncourt-Unverzagt) - zuriyar ɗayan manyan iyalai masu daraja a Turai. Jaruman 'yan Salibiyya da mawaka, jami'an diflomasiyya da 'yan siyasa na dangin Harnoncourt sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin Turai tun karni na 14. A bangaren uwa, Arnoncourt yana da alaƙa da dangin Habsburg, amma babban jagoran ba ya la'akari da asalinsa wani abu ne mai mahimmanci. An haife shi a Berlin, ya girma a Graz, yayi karatu a Salzburg da Vienna.

Antipodes Karayana

Rabin farko na rayuwar kiɗa na Nikolaus Harnoncourt ya wuce ƙarƙashin alamar Herbert von Karajan. A cikin 1952, Karajan da kansa ya gayyaci dan wasan mai shekaru 23 da haihuwa don shiga kungiyar kade-kade ta Vienna Symphony (Wiener Symphoniker) sannan ya jagorance shi. "Na kasance daya daga cikin arba'in 'yan takara na wannan kujera," Harnoncourt ya tuna. "Nan da nan Karayan ya lura da ni kuma ya rada wa darektan kungiyar kade-kade, yana mai cewa wannan ya dace a dauka don halin da yake ciki."

Shekaru da aka kashe a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa sun zama mafi wuya a rayuwarsa (ya yi murabus kawai a 1969, lokacin da, yana da shekaru arba'in, ya fara aiki mai mahimmanci a matsayin jagora). Manufar da Karajan ya bi dangane da Harnoncourt, mai fafatawa, wanda a fili yake gane shi mai nasara a nan gaba, ana iya kiransa zalunci na tsari: misali, ya kafa wani sharadi a Salzburg da Vienna: "ko dai ni, ko shi."

Consentus Musikus: Juyin Juya Hali

A cikin 1953, Nikolaus Harnoncourt da matarsa ​​Alice, ɗan wasan violin a cikin makaɗa ɗaya, da wasu abokai da yawa sun kafa ƙungiyar Concentus Musicus Wien. Ƙungiyar, wanda a cikin shekaru ashirin na farko ya taru don karatun a cikin ɗakin zane na Arnoncourts, ya fara gwaje-gwaje tare da sauti: an yi hayar kayan kayan gargajiya daga gidajen tarihi, an yi nazarin ƙididdiga da sauran hanyoyin.

Kuma lalle ne: "m" tsohon kiɗan ya yi sauti a sabuwar hanya. Wata sabuwar hanya ta ba da sabuwar rayuwa ga abubuwan da aka manta da su da yawa. Ayyukansa na juyin juya hali na "fassarar bayanan tarihi" ya tayar da kida na zamanin Renaissance da Baroque. "Kowace kiɗa yana buƙatar sautin kansa", shine mawaƙin Harnoncourt. Uban gaskiya, shi da kansa baya amfani da kalmar a banza.

Bach, Beethoven, Gershwin

Arnoncourt yana tunani a duk duniya, ayyuka mafi mahimmanci da ya aiwatar tare da haɗin gwiwar manyan makada na duniya sun haɗa da zagayowar wasan kwaikwayo na Beethoven, zagayowar opera na Monteverdi, zagayowar Bach cantata (tare da Gustav Leonhard). Harnoncourt shine ainihin fassarar Verdi da Janacek. "Mai tayar da matattu" na kiɗa na farko, a ranar haihuwarsa tamanin ya ba da kansa wasan kwaikwayo na Gershwin's Porgy da Bess.

Mawaƙin tarihin Harnoncourt Monica Mertl ya taɓa rubuta cewa shi, kamar jarumin da ya fi so Don Quixote, da alama yana tambayar kansa akai-akai: “To, ina ne na gaba?”

Anastasia Rakhmanova, dw.com