Bagpipe: bayanin kayan aiki, abun da ke ciki, yadda yake sauti, tarihi, iri

Bagpepe ɗaya ne daga cikin kayan kida na asali da ɗan adam ya ƙirƙira. A al'adance, sunanta yana da alaƙa da Scotland, kodayake ana samun bambance-bambancen jakar jaka a kusan duk Turai da ma wasu ƙasashen Asiya.

Menene bututun jaka

Bututun jaka na rukuni ne na kayan kida na iska. Yana kama da jaka mai bututu masu fitowa ba da gangan ba (yawanci guda 2-3), a ciki sanye take da harsuna. Baya ga bututu, don sautuna iri-iri, ana iya samun maɓalli, turmi.

Yana yin huda, sautin hanci - ana iya jin su daga nesa. Daga nesa, muryar jakar jakar tana kama da waƙar ɗan adam. Wasu suna la'akari da sautinsa a matsayin sihiri, yana iya yin tasiri mai amfani ga jin dadi.

Kewayon bututun jaka yana da iyaka: kawai 1-2 octaves suna samuwa. Yana da matukar wuya a yi wasa, don haka a baya maza ne kawai bututu. Kwanan nan, mata kuma sun shiga cikin haɓaka kayan aikin.

Na'urar bututu

Tsarin kayan aikin shine kamar haka:

• Tankin ajiya. Kayan ƙera shine fatar dabba ko mafitsara. Yawancin lokaci tsoffin "masu mallaka" na tanki, wanda kuma ake kira jakar, su ne maruƙa, awaki, shanu, tumaki. Babban abin da ake buƙata don jakar shine tauri, kyakkyawan cikawar iska.
• Allurar bututu-bakin baki. Yana cikin ɓangaren sama, an haɗa shi da jaka tare da silinda na katako. Manufar - cika tanki da iska. Don kada ya dawo, akwai bawul na kulle a cikin bututun bakin.
• Chanter (melodic bututu). Yana kama da sarewa. Haɗe zuwa kasan jakar. An sanye shi da ramukan sauti da yawa, a ciki akwai reed (harshe), yana jujjuyawa daga aikin iska, yana haifar da sautin rawar jiki. Piper yana yin babban waƙar ta amfani da rera.
• Drones (bututun bourdon). Adadin jirage marasa matuka shine guda 1-4. Yi hidima don ci gaba da sautin bango.

Dabarar hakar sauti

Mawaƙi yana yin kiɗa ta amfani da bututun waƙa. Yana da tip inda ake hura iska, ramukan gefe da yawa. Bututun Bourdon, waɗanda ke da alhakin ƙirƙirar sautin bango, dole ne a daidaita su - ya danganta da yanki na kiɗan. Suna jaddada babban jigon, filin yana canzawa saboda pistons a cikin bourdons.

Labarin

Ba a san tabbas lokacin da bututun ya bayyana ba - masana kimiyya har yanzu suna jayayya game da asalinsa. Saboda haka, ba a bayyana inda aka ƙirƙira na'urar ba da kuma ƙasar da za a iya la'akari da ita ce wurin haifuwar bututun jaka.

Irin waɗannan samfuran kayan kida sun wanzu tun a zamanin da. Ana kiran wurin da ake zaton asalin asalin Sumer, China. Abu daya a bayyane yake: jakar jakar ta taso tun kafin zuwan zamaninmu, ya shahara sosai a tsakanin mutanen da, ciki har da kasashen Asiya. An ambaci irin wannan kayan aiki, hotunansa suna samuwa daga tsohuwar Helenawa, Romawa.

Tafiya a duniya, jakar jaka ta sami sababbin magoya baya a ko'ina. Ana samun alamun sa a Indiya, Faransa, Jamus, Spain da sauran jihohi. A Rasha, irin wannan samfurin ya kasance a lokacin lokacin shaharar buffoons. Lokacin da suka fadi rashin tagomashi, an lalata buhun buhun da ke rakiyar wasan kwaikwayo.

A al'adance ana ɗaukar buhun jakar kayan aikin Scotland ne. Da zarar a cikin wannan ƙasa, kayan aikin ya zama alamarsa, dukiyar ƙasa. Scotland ba ta da tunani ba tare da makoki da tsattsauran sautin da ake yi ba. Mai yiwuwa, an kawo kayan aikin zuwa Scots daga Crusades. Ya ji daɗin farin jini mafi girma a tsakanin jama'ar da ke zaune a yankunan tsaunuka. Godiya ga mazaunan tsaunuka, bututun ba kawai ya sami bayyanarsa ba, amma daga baya ya zama kayan aikin ƙasa.

Nau'in bututun jaka

Tsohon kayan aiki ya sami nasarar yadawa a ko'ina cikin duniya, yana canzawa a hanya, yana tasowa. Kusan kowace ƙasa na iya yin alfahari da bututun jaka: suna da tushe ɗaya, a lokaci guda sun bambanta da juna. Sunayen bututun jaka a wasu yarukan sun bambanta sosai.

Armenian

Kayan aikin jama'ar Armeniya, wanda aka shirya kamar jakar jakar Irish, ana kiransa "parkapzuk". Yana da sauti mai ƙarfi, kaifi. Siffofin: haɓaka jakar duka ta mai wasan kwaikwayo kuma tare da taimakon ƙwanƙwasa na musamman, kasancewar bututun melodic ɗaya ko biyu tare da ramuka. Mawaƙin yana riƙe da jakar a gefe, tsakanin hannu da jiki, yana tilasta iska a ciki ta danna gwiwar hannu zuwa jiki.

Bulgaria

Sunan yanki na kayan aikin shine gaida. Yana da ƙananan sauti. Mutanen kauye suna yin gaida ta hanyar amfani da fatar dabbobin gida (awaki, raguna). An bar shugaban dabba a matsayin wani ɓangare na kayan aiki - bututu masu fitar da sauti suna tsayawa daga ciki.

Breton

Bretons sun sami damar ƙirƙira nau'ikan nau'ikan guda uku a lokaci ɗaya: akuya biniu (tsohuwar kayan aikin da ke sauti na asali a cikin duet tare da bombarda), biniu braz (analan na'urar kayan aikin Scotland ne wanda maigidan Breton ya yi a ƙarshen XNUMXth). karni), wanda aka ɗauka (kusan daidai da goat biniu, amma yana da kyau ba tare da rakiyar bombarda ba).

Irish

Ya bayyana a karshen XVIII karni. An bambanta shi da kasancewar furs waɗanda ke fitar da iska a ciki. Yana da kyakkyawan kewayon 2 cikakkun octaves.

Kazakh

Sunan ƙasar zhelbuaz. Fatar ruwa ce mai wuya wanda za a iya rufewa. Sawa a wuyansa, a kan yadin da aka saka. Bari mu yi aiki a cikin tarin kayan kidan Kazakh na jama'a.

Lithuanian-Belarusiya

Nassoshi na farko da aka rubuta game da duda, jakar jaka ba tare da bourdon ba, sun koma karni na XNUMX. Duda har yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai a yau, bayan samun aikace-aikace a cikin tatsuniyoyi. Popular ba kawai a Lithuania, Belarus, amma kuma a Poland. Akwai irin kayan aikin Czech da ake sawa a kafada.

Mutanen Espanya

Ƙirƙirar Mutanen Espanya da ake kira "gaita" ya bambanta da saura a gaban mawaƙa biyu. A cikin mawaƙin akwai tashar conical, a waje - ramuka 7 don yatsu da ɗaya a gefen baya.

italian

Mafi yawan bututun da ake amfani da su a yankunan kudancin kasar, da ake kira "zamponya". An sanye su da bututu biyu na melodic, bututun bourdon guda biyu.

Mari

Sunan nau'in Mari shine shuvyr. Yana da sauti mai kaifi, mai ɗan raɗaɗi. An sanye shi da bututu uku: biyu - melodic, ɗaya ana amfani da shi don fitar da iska.

Mordovia

Ana kiran ƙirar Mordovia "puvama". Yana da ma'anar al'ada - an yi imani cewa yana kare shi daga mummunan ido, lalacewa. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyu, sun bambanta da adadin bututu, yanayin wasa.

Harshen Ossetian

Sunan ƙasar lalym-wadyndz. Yana da bututu guda 2: launin rawaya, haka kuma don fitar da iska cikin jaka. A lokacin wasan kwaikwayon, mawaƙin yana riƙe da jakar a cikin ɗaki, yana fitar da iska da hannunsa.

Portuguese

Kama da ƙirar Mutanen Espanya da suna - gaita. Iri - gaita de fole, gaita Galician, da dai sauransu.

Rasha

Shahararren kayan aiki ne. Ya da 4 pipes. An maye gurbinsa da sauran kayan aikin ƙasa.

Ukrainian

Yana ɗauke da suna mai magana "akuya". Ya yi kama da na Bulgarian, lokacin da aka yi amfani da kai tare da fata na dabba.

Faransanci

Yankuna daban-daban na kasar suna da nau'ikan nasu: cabrette (burdon guda ɗaya, nau'in gwiwar hannu), bodega (burdon guda ɗaya), musette (kayan kotu na ƙarni na XNUMX-XNUMXth).

Chuvash

Nau'i biyu - shapar, sarnay. Sun bambanta a cikin adadin tubes, damar kiɗa.

Scottish

Mafi sani kuma mashahuri. A cikin yaren jama'a, sunan yana kama da "bagpipe". Yana da bututu 5: 3 bourdon, 1 melodic, 1 don busa iska.

Istoniyanci

Tushen shine ciki ko mafitsara na dabba da bututu 4-5 (daya kowanne don busa iska da kiɗa, da bututun bourdon 2-3).