Václav Talich |

Vaclav Talich

Vaclav Talich taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ci gaban da m al'adu na kasar. Ayyukansa, waɗanda suka shafi dukan rabin farkon ƙarni namu, sun bar tarihi mara gogewa a tarihin kiɗan Czechoslovak.

Mahaifin madugu, sanannen malami ne kuma mawaki Yan Talikh, shi ne malaminsa na farko. A cikin ƙuruciyarsa, Vaclav Talich ya yi a matsayin dan wasan violin kuma a cikin 1897-1903 ya yi karatu a Prague Conservatory, a cikin aji na O. Shevchik. Amma bayan 'yan watanni tare da Berlin Philharmonic da kuma wasa a cikin dakin ensembles, ya ji sha'awar gudanar da nan da nan ya kusan barin violin. Wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Talikh jagoran ya faru a Odessa, inda a cikin 1904 ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mawaƙa na gida, kuma mawaƙin Czech ya shafe shekaru biyu masu zuwa a Tiflis, ya koyar da violin a ɗakin ajiyar kayan tarihi, ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin ɗaki da kuma gudanar da kide-kide. musamman nasara - yana aiki da kiɗan Rasha.

Komawa Prague, Talikh ya yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙa, ya zama kusa da fitattun mawaƙa - I. Suk, V. Novak, membobin Czech Quartet. Talikh ya zama tabbataccen farfagandar ayyukan mutanen zamaninsa. Amma rashin samun aiki ya tilasta masa barin Ljubljana na shekaru da yawa, inda yake gudanar da wasan opera da kide-kide. A kan hanyar, Talihu ya ci gaba da ingantawa, yana ɗaukar darasi daga A. Nikisch a Leipzig da A. Vigno a Milan. A shekara ta 1912, a ƙarshe ya sami aiki a ƙasarsa: ya zama jagoran gidan wasan opera a Pilsen, amma bayan wani lokaci ya sake fita daga aiki. Duk da haka, ikon da shaharar mai zane ya riga ya girma sosai cewa ba da daɗewa ba bayan 'yancin kai na Czechoslovakia, an gayyaci Talik don jagorantar ƙungiyar Orchestra ta Czech.

Tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙen duniya guda biyu shine zamanin mafi girman furanni na gwanintar mai fasaha. A karkashin jagorancinsa, ƙungiyar makada ta girma ba tare da an gane su ba, ta zama ƙungiya mai haɗin kai mai kyau da za ta iya cika shirye-shiryen jagoran, koyo kowane, mafi hadaddun abubuwan da ke da sauri. Prague Philharmonic, wanda Talich ya jagoranta, ya zagaya a Italiya, Hungary, Jamus, Austria, Ingila, Belgium, Faransa, a ko'ina ya yi nasara sosai. Talich da kansa ya zama shugaban Czech na farko da ya sami shahara a duniya. Baya ga jagorantar makadansa, ya zagaya da yawa a duk kasashen Turai (ciki har da USSR), na dan wani lokaci kuma ya jagoranci makada a Scotland da Sweden, ya koyar da darasi a Prague Conservatory da School of Excellence. Ƙarfinsa yana da yawa: ya kafa kide-kide na mawaƙa a Philharmonic, ya shirya bukukuwan kiɗa na Prague May. A cikin 1935, Talich kuma ya zama babban jagoran gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Prague, inda kowane wasan kwaikwayo a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa ya kasance, a cewar masu sukar, "a matakin farko". Talich ya gudanar a nan kusan dukkanin wasan kwaikwayo na Czech na gargajiya, wanda Gluck da Mozart, Beethoven da Debussy suka yi, shi ne ya fara aiwatar da ayyuka da dama, ciki har da "Juliet" na B. Martin.

Kewayon kere-kere Talih ya kasance mai faɗi sosai, amma ayyukan marubutan Czech – Smetana, Dvorak, Novak da musamman Suk – sun kasance kusa da shi. Fassarar da ya yi na zagayowar waqoqin “Mahaifiyata” ta Smetana, “Rawan Slavic” na Dvořák, Serenade Suk, Slovak suite na Novak ya zama abin al’ada. Talikh ya kasance ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya na Rasha, musamman ma wasan kwaikwayo na Tchaikovsky, da kuma na gargajiya na Viennese - Mozart, Beethoven.

Bayan da Jamusawa suka mamaye Czechoslovakia, Talihu ya bar shugabancin Falharmonic, kuma a cikin 1942, don kaucewa tafiya zuwa Berlin don yawon shakatawa, ya yi aiki. Ba da da ewa ba a zahiri an dakatar da shi daga aiki kuma ya koma cikin ayyukan fasaha kawai bayan an sake shi. Domin wani lokaci ya sake jagorantar da Czech Philharmonic da Opera House, sa'an nan ya koma Bratislava, inda ya jagoranci kungiyar kade-kade na Slovak Philharmonic Chamber, da kuma gudanar da Grand Symphony Orchestra. Anan ya koyar da darasi mai gudanarwa a Higher School of Music, yana tada tarin taurarin matasa masu jagoranci. Tun 1956 Talikh, rashin lafiya mai tsanani, a ƙarshe ya bar aikin fasaha.

A taƙaice kyakkyawan aikin V. Talikh, ƙaramin abokin aikinsa, shugaba V. Neumann ya rubuta: “Vaclav Talikh ba mawaƙi ne kawai a gare mu ba. Rayuwarsa da aikinsa sun tabbatar da cewa shi jagoran Czech ne a cikin cikakkiyar ma'anar kalmar. Sau da yawa ya bude hanya ga duniya. Amma ko da yaushe ya ɗauki aiki a ƙasarsa aiki mafi muhimmanci a rayuwarsa. Ya fassara waƙar ƙasashen waje da kyau - Mahler, Bruckner, Mozart, Debussy - amma a cikin aikinsa ya fi mayar da hankali kan kiɗan Czech. Shi mayen sihiri ne wanda ya kiyaye sirrinsa na tawili, amma da son ransa ya raba iliminsa ga matasa. Kuma idan a yau an san fasahar ƙungiyar makada ta Czech a duk faɗin duniya, idan a yau suna magana game da abubuwan da ba za a iya raba su ba na salon wasan Czech, to wannan shine nasarar aikin ilimi na Vaclav Talich.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek