Sautin |

Ton Jamusanci - sauti, daga Girkanci. tono, lit. - tashin hankali, tashin hankali

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ra'ayoyin da ake amfani da su sosai a ka'idar kiɗa.

1) A cikin kiɗa. acoustics – wani ɓangare na bakan sauti, wanda aka kafa ta lokaci-lokaci. motsin oscillating: partal T., aliquot T., overtone (akwai kalmar "ƙarƙashin sauti"), tsarki, ko sinusoidal, T.; a lokacin hulɗar sauti, haɗuwa T., T. daidaituwa sun tashi. Ya bambanta da sautin kiɗan, wanda ya ƙunshi babba. sautuna da sautuna, da kuma daga amo - sauti mai sautin da ba a sani ba, to-ry yana haifar da rashin lokaci. motsin motsi. T. yana da sauti, ƙararrawa, da katako wanda ya dogara da rijistar (ƙananan T. suna maras kyau, matte; masu girma suna da haske, mai haske) da kuma ƙara (a cikin girma mai girma, sautin T. yana canzawa, saboda saboda murdiya. a cikin nau'i na motsi na oscillatory yayin wucewar su ta hanyar nazarin waje na sashin ji, abin da ake kira abubuwan da ake kira abubuwan da ke faruwa). Ana iya ƙirƙirar T. ta hanyar janareta mitar sauti; irin waɗannan T. ana amfani da su sosai a cikin kiɗan lantarki. kayan aikin sautin sauti.

2) Tazara, ma'auni na ma'auni: a cikin daidaitawa mai tsabta - babban duka T. tare da mitar mitar 9/8, daidai da 204 cents, da ƙaramin duka T. tare da mitar mita na 10/9, daidai da 182 cents; a cikin ma'auni mai sauƙi - 1/6 octave, duka T., daidai da 200 cents; a cikin gamma diatonic - tare da semitone, rabo tsakanin matakan da ke kusa (sharuɗɗan da aka samo - tritone, sautin na uku, sautin kwata, ma'aunin sautin gabaɗaya, ma'aunin sautin-semitone, kiɗan sautin goma sha biyu, da sauransu).

3) Daidai yake da sautin kiɗa azaman kayan aikin muses. tsarin: digiri na ma'auni, yanayin, ma'auni (sautin asali - tonic; rinjaye, mai rinjaye, gabatarwa, sautin tsakiya); sautin ƙwanƙwasa (na asali, na uku, na biyar, da dai sauransu), sautunan da ba a haɗa su ba (tsari, taimako, wucewa T.); kashi na waƙar (farko, na ƙarshe, culminating, da dai sauransu. T.). Sharuɗɗan da aka samo - tonality, polytonality, tonicity, da dai sauransu. T. - tsohuwar suna don tonality.

4) A cikin abin da ake kira. Hanyoyin Ikklisiya (duba hanyoyin zamani) nadin yanayin (misali, sautin I, sautin III, sautin VIII).

5) Meistersingers suna da samfurin waƙa don rera waƙa a cikin decomp. rubutu (misali, waƙar G. Sachs “Tone Azurfa”).

6) Haɗe-haɗe na magana mai mahimmanci na jigon sauti na gaba ɗaya: inuwa, halin sauti; daidai da sautin sauti, ingancin murya, kayan aiki, sautin da aka yi (tsabta, gaskiya, ƙarya, bayyanawa, cikakke, sluggish T., da sauransu).

References: Yavorsky BL, Tsarin magana na kiɗa, sassan 1-3, M., 1908; Asafiev BV, Jagora ga kide-kide, vol. 1, P., 1919, M., 1978; Tyulin Yu. N., Koyarwar jituwa, vol. 1 - Babban matsalolin jituwa, (M.-L.), 1937, gyara. kuma ƙara., M., 1966; Teplov BM, Psychology na ikon kiɗa, M.-L., 1947; Kiɗa na kiɗan (madaidaicin editan NA Garbuzov), M., 1954; Sposobin IV, Ka'idar Elementary na kiɗa, M., 1964; Volodin AA, Kayan kiɗa na lantarki, M., 1970; Nazaikinsky EV, A kan ilimin halin ɗan adam na fahimtar kiɗa, M., 1972; Helmholtz H., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen.. M., 1863); Kurth E., Grundlagen des linearen Kontrapunkts…, Bern, 1968, 1875

Yu. N. Rags