Timbre |

Timbre na Faransa, timbre na Ingilishi, Jamus Klangfarbe

Sauti mai launi; daya daga cikin alamomin sautin kida (tare da sautin murya da tsawa da tsawon lokaci), inda ake bambance sautin tsayi da tsayi iri daya, amma ana yin su da kayan kida daban-daban, da sauti daban-daban ko kuma da kayan aiki iri daya, amma ta hanyoyi daban-daban. bugun jini. An ƙaddara katako ta hanyar kayan da aka samo asali na sauti - vibrator na kayan kida, da siffarsa ( kirtani, sanduna, rikodin, da dai sauransu), da kuma resonator (piano decks, violins, trumpet karrarawa. da sauransu); Timbre yana rinjayar da acoustics na ɗakin - halayen mita na sha, nuna alamun, reverberation, da dai sauransu T. yana da alamar yawan sautin sauti a cikin abun da ke cikin sauti, rabonsu a tsayi, girma, sautin murya, lokacin farko na faruwar sauti - kai hari (kaifi, santsi, taushi), masu tsarawa - wuraren ingantaccen sautunan juzu'i a cikin bakan sauti, vibrato, da sauran dalilai. T. kuma ya dogara da jimlar ƙarar sautin, akan rajista - babba ko ƙasa, akan bugun tsakanin sautunan. Mai sauraro ya siffanta T. Ch. arr. tare da taimakon haɗin haɗin gwiwa - kwatanta wannan ingancin sauti tare da gani, tactile, gustatory, da dai sauransu. abubuwa, abubuwan mamaki da alaƙar su (sauti masu haske, masu haske, maras ban sha'awa, maras ban sha'awa, dumi, sanyi, mai zurfi, cikakke, kaifi, taushi, cikakken, m, ƙarfe, gilashi, da sauransu); Ana amfani da ma'anar ji (mai murya, kurame) da ƙasa akai-akai. T. yana rinjayar sautin sauti sosai. Ma'anar sauti (ƙananan sautunan rajista tare da ƙaramin adadin ƙararraki dangane da sautin sau da yawa suna bayyana m), ikon sautin yaduwa a cikin ɗaki (tasirin masu tsarawa), ƙwarewar wasula da baƙaƙe a cikin aikin murya.

Rubutun shaida T. mus. sautunan ba su yi aiki ba tukuna. An tabbatar da cewa ji na katako yana da yanayin yanki, watau, tare da fahimtar sautuna iri ɗaya, misali. Sautin violin yayi daidai da rukunin sautunan duka waɗanda suka ɗan bambanta a cikin abun da ke ciki (duba Yanki). T. hanya ce mai mahimmanci ta kiɗa. bayyanawa. Tare da taimakon T., ana iya bambanta ɗaya ko wani ɓangaren muses. na gaba ɗaya - waƙa, bass, chord, don ba da wannan bangaren sifa, ma'anar aiki na musamman gaba ɗaya, don raba kalmomi ko sassa daga juna - don ƙarfafawa ko raunana bambance-bambance, don jaddada kamance ko bambance-bambance a cikin tsari ci gaban samfur; mawaƙa suna amfani da haɗakar sautin (daidaituwar timbre), sauye-sauye, motsi, da haɓaka sautin (timbre dramaturgy). Ana ci gaba da neman sabbin sautunan da haduwarsu (a cikin kungiyar kade-kade, makada), ana samar da kayan kade-kade na lantarki, da kuma na'urorin hada sauti da ke ba da damar samun sabbin sautin. Sonoristics ya zama jagora na musamman a cikin amfani da sautunan.

Abubuwan da ke faruwa na sikelin halitta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin physico-acoustic. tushe T. yana da tasiri mai karfi akan ci gaban jituwa a matsayin hanyar kiɗa. bayyanawa; bi da bi, a cikin karni na 20th. akwai wani yanayi mai ban sha'awa ta hanyar jituwa don haɓaka gefen timbre na sauti (daidaituwa iri-iri, misali, manyan triads, yadudduka na rubutu, gungu, ƙirar sautin ƙararrawa, da sauransu). Ka'idar kiɗa don bayyana yawan fasalulluka na ƙungiyar muses. harshe ya koma T. Tare da T. ta wata hanya ko wata, an haɗa binciken muses. tunings (Pythagoras, D. Tsarlino, A. Werkmeister da sauransu), bayani game da tsarin modal-harmonic da modal-aikin tsarin kiɗa (JF Rameau, X. Riemann, F. Gevart, GL Catoire, P. Hindemith da sauransu .masu bincike. ).

References: Garbuzov HA, Halitta da ma'anar jitu, a cikin: Tarin ayyukan hukumar kan kiɗan kiɗa. Abubuwan da aka gabatar na HYMN, vol. 1, Moscow, 1925; nasa, Yankin yanayi na sauraron timbre, M., 1956; Teplov BM, Psychology of Musical Ability, M.-L., 1947, a cikin littafinsa: Matsalolin mutum bambance-bambance. (Ayyukan da aka zaɓa), M., 1961; Ƙauyen kiɗa, Gen. ed. Edited by NA Garbuzova. Moscow, 1954. Agarkov OM, Vibrato a matsayin hanyar magana ta kiɗa a cikin kunna violin, M., 1956; Nazaikinsky E., Pars Yu., Hane-hane na timbres na kiɗa da ma'anar daidaitattun daidaitattun sauti, a cikin littafin: Aikace-aikacen hanyoyin bincike na murya a cikin ilimin kiɗa, M., 1964; Pargs Yu., Vibrato da hangen nesa, a cikin littafin: Aikace-aikacen hanyoyin bincike na murya a cikin ilimin kiɗa, M., 1964; Sherman NS, Samar da tsarin yanayin yanayi na uniform, M., 1964; Mazel LA, Zuckerman VA, Nazarin ayyukan kiɗa, (Kashi na 1), Abubuwan kiɗa da hanyoyin nazarin ƙananan nau'ikan, M, 1967, Volodin A., Matsayin bakan jituwa a cikin fahimtar farar sauti da timbre na sauti, a cikin littafi .: Fasahar kiɗa da kimiyya, fitowa ta 1, M., 1970; Rudakov E., A kan rajistar muryar waƙa da sauye-sauye zuwa sautunan da aka rufe, ibid .; Nazaikinsky EV, A kan ilimin halin ɗan adam na tsinkayen kiɗa, M., 1972, Helmholtz H., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen, Braunschweig, 1863, Hildesheim, 1968 ka'idar kiɗa, St. Petersburg, 1875).

Yu. N. Rags