Rubutun phonogram |

Taskar phonogram – wata cibiya da ta kware wajen tarawa da adana kayan sauti na asali. records, bincike tushe. yana aiki a fagen tatsuniyoyi, ilimin harshe, kwatanta. musicology da sauran kimiyya. lamuran da suka shafi yanke hukunci, nazari da buga sautin sauti. rubuce-rubuce. Halittar F. an inganta ta ta hanyar zagayawa mai yawa daga doki. Rubuce-rubucen sauti na ƙarni na 19 a cikin dalilai na kimiyya, buƙatu don daidaita su. Da farko, an yi nufin F. don adana hotunan kakin zuma da aka yi rikodin ta amfani da phonograph. rollers. Tare da haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan rikodin sauti, an fara cika na'urar daukar hoto da sauran nau'ikan rikodin sauti (kaset na maganadisu da fayafai na gramophone).

Mafi yawan ma'ana. Harshen waje: ikon tunani na Kwalejin Kimiyya na Austrian (Phonogrammarchiv der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften), wanda aka kafa a 1899 a Vienna a kan shirin Z. Exner.

F. a Berlin Psychological. institute (Phonogrammarchiv am psychologischen Institut), wanda aka kafa a 1900 a kan yunƙurin K. Stumpf. A cikin 1906-33 E. von Hornbostel shine jagoranta. Ya ƙunshi mafi kyawun tarin rikodin kiɗan. tarihin Asiya, Afirka da Lat. Amurka. Tarin rikodin sauti na Ƙasar Prussian. dakunan karatu a Berlin (Lautabteilung der Preussischen Staatsbibliothek).

Laburaren kiɗa na Paris Anthropological Museum. ob-va (Musye phonétique de la Société d Anthropologie, tun daga 1911 - Musée de la Parole), wanda aka tattara bayanan da A. Gilman ya yi.

Taskokin Jama'a da Kiɗa na Farko a Cibiyar Bincike don Anthropology, Folklore da Linguistics (Jami'ar Jihar Indiana, Bloomington, Indiana, Amurka). Main a cikin 1921.

A cikin Tarayyar Soviet F. Nar. music aka kafa a 1927 a Birnin Leningrad. Ya dogara ne akan tarin rikodin phonographic (528 Rolls tare da waƙoƙi 1700 da aka rubuta) wanda EV Gippius da ZV Evald suka yi (tare da haɗin gwiwar masana kimiyya AM Astakhova da NP Kolpakova) yayin balaguro zuwa Rasha. Arewa (1926-30). A 1931 F. canjawa wuri zuwa tsarin na Academy of Sciences na USSR. A cikin 1932, an haɗa duk tarin da suka gabata tare da rikodin muses a ciki. labari, ciki har da Musical da Ethnographic Commission (tarin EE Lineva - 432 rollers tare da rikodin songs daga Novgorod, Vologda, Nizhny Novgorod, Vladimir da Poltava larduna, tatsuniyar mutanen Yugoslavia), tarin Museum of Rasha. nar. wakoki gare su. ME Pyatnitsky (400 rollers), ɗakin karatu na waƙa (100 rollers), ɗakin karatu na ɗakin karatu na USSR Academy of Sciences, da kuma cibiyoyin nazarin Gabas, Linguistics, Museum of Ethnography na USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad . Conservatories, da dai sauransu Tun daga 1938 F. (Central Ethnomusicological Academy of Sciences na USSR) - wani karin sashen na Cibiyar Rus. Littattafan Kwalejin Kimiyya na USSR (Pushkin House, Leningrad). A cikin tarinsa (mallake ɗaya daga cikin wurare na farko a cikin tarihin phonorepositories na duniya) akwai kusan. 70 shigarwar (kamar 1979), ciki har da tarihin fiye da 100 na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma kasashen waje. kasashe a cikin bayanan tun 1894 (mafi mahimmancin tarin shine Rasha).

Dangane da kayan F. an buga su: Waƙoƙin Pinezhya, littafi. 2, Materials na Taskar Hoto, EV Gippius da ZV Ewald suka tattara kuma suka haɓaka, ƙarƙashin babban editan. EV Gippius. Moscow, 1937; Almara na Arewa, vol. 1, Mezen da Pechora. Rikodi, gabatarwa. Art. da sharhi. AM Astakhova, M.-L., 1938; Waƙoƙin jama'a na yankin Vologda. Sat. rikodin sauti, ed. EV Gippius da ZV Evald. Birnin Leningrad, 1938; Waƙoƙin gargajiya na Belarushiyanci, ed. ZV Ewald. M.-L., 1941; Waƙoƙin gargajiya na Rasha da aka yi rikodin a Leningrad. yankin, ed. AM Astakhova da FA Rubtsova. L.-M., 1950; Wakokin jama'a na Mari, ed. V. Koukalya, L.-M., 1951; Waƙoƙin Pechora, ed. NP Kolpakova, FV Sokolov, BM Dobrovolsky, M.-L., 1963; Tarihin waƙar Mezen, ed. NP Kolpakova, BM Dobrovolsky, VV Korguzalov, VV Mitrofanov. Birnin Leningrad, 1967; Wakoki da Tatsuniyoyi na Wuraren Pushkin. Tatsuniyar yankin Gorky, ed. VI Eremina, VN Morokhin, MA Lobanova, vol. 1, L., 1979.

References: Paskhalov V., Game da batun rikodi na phonographic na waƙoƙi da ɗakin karatu na waƙa na tsakiya, a cikin littafin: Ayyukan HYMN. Sat. Ayyukan Sashen Ethnographic, vol. 1, M., 1926; Taskar Kwalejin Kimiyya na USSR, Sat., (vol. 1), L., 1933, p. 195-98; "Soviet Ethnography", 1935, No 2, 3; Minchenko A., Babban tarihin phono-photo-fim na USSR, "Kasuwancin Rubutun", 1935, No 3 (36); Gippius EV, Phonogram-archive na Sashen Folklore na Cibiyar Nazarin Anthropology, Ethnography da Archeology na Kwalejin Kimiyya na USSR, a cikin tarin: Tarihin Soviet No 4-5, M.-L., 1936; Magid SD, Jerin tarin tarin phonogram-takardun bayanai na Sashen Folklore na Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeology da Ethnography na Kwalejin Kimiyya na USSR, ibid .; 50 shekaru na Pushkin House, M.-L., 1956 (ch. - Folk art); Katalog der Tonbandaufnahmen… des Phonogrammarchives der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaft a Wien, W., 1960 (tare da gabatarwar F. Wild akan tarihin halittar F. da jerin wallafe-wallafen Vienna F. na 1900-1960, Na 1-80).

AT Tevosyan