Boris Shtokolov |

Boris Shtokolov

Boris Timofeevich Shtokolov aka haife kan Maris 19, 1930 a Sverdlovsk. Mai zane da kansa ya tuna hanyar zuwa fasaha:

“Iyalinmu sun zauna a Sverdlovsk. A cikin XNUMX, jana'izar ta fito daga gaba: mahaifina ya mutu. Kuma mahaifiyarmu tana da ɗan ƙasa da mu ... Yana da wuya ta ciyar da kowa. A shekara kafin karshen yakin, mu a cikin Urals da wani daukar ma'aikata zuwa Solovetsky makaranta. Don haka na yanke shawarar zuwa Arewa, na yi tunanin zai fi sauki ga mahaifiyata. Kuma akwai masu sa kai da yawa. Mun yi tafiya na dogon lokaci, tare da abubuwa iri-iri. Perm, Gorky, Vologda… A Arkhangelsk, an ba wa ƴan ma'aikata riguna - riguna, rigunan fis, hula. An raba su zuwa kamfanoni. Na zabi sana'ar ma'aikacin wutar lantarki.

Da farko muna zama a cikin dugouts, wanda ’ya’yan gidan na farko suka shirya don azuzuwa da ɗakunan ajiya. Makarantar kanta tana cikin ƙauyen Savvatievo. Mu duka manya ne a lokacin. Mun yi nazari sosai game da wannan sana'a, muna cikin sauri: bayan haka, yakin yana ƙare, kuma muna jin tsoro cewa volleys na nasara zai faru ba tare da mu ba. Na tuna da irin rashin hakurin da muka jira mu yi aiki a jiragen ruwan yaki. A cikin yaƙe-yaƙe, mu, rukuni na uku na makarantar Jung, ba mu sami damar shiga ba. Amma a lokacin da, bayan kammala karatun, an aiko ni zuwa Baltic, halakar "Strict", "Slender", da cruiser "Kirov" da irin wannan arziki fama biography cewa ko da ni, wanda bai yi yaƙi da wani gida yaro, ji da hannu a cikin. Babban Nasara.

Ni ne shugaban kamfani. A cikin horarwa, a cikin tafiye-tafiyen ruwa a kan kwale-kwale na jirgin ruwa, dole ne in zama farkon wanda ya ƙarfafa waƙar. Amma sai, na furta, ban yi tunanin cewa zan zama ƙwararren mawaki ba. Aboki Volodya Yurkin ya ba da shawarar: "Kai, Borya, kuna buƙatar rera waƙa, je gidan kayan gargajiya!" Kuma na yi watsi da shi: lokacin yakin bayan yakin ba shi da sauƙi, kuma ina son shi a cikin sojojin ruwa.

Ina ba da rancen bayyanara a kan babban wasan kwaikwayo ga Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov. A cikin 1949. Daga Baltic, na dawo gida, na shiga makarantar soja ta musamman ta sojojin sama. Sannan Marshal Zhukov ya jagoranci gundumar Soja ta Urals. Ya zo mana bikin yaye dalibai. Daga cikin lambobin wasan kwaikwayo na mai son, an kuma jera wasan kwaikwayon na. Ya rera waƙar "Hanyoyi" na A. Novikov da "Dareren Jirgin ruwa" na V. Solovyov-Sedogo. Na damu: a karon farko tare da irin wannan manyan masu sauraro, babu wani abin da za a ce game da manyan baƙi.

Bayan wasan kwaikwayo, Zhukov ya gaya mani: "Jirgin sama ba zai rasa ba tare da ku ba. Kuna buƙatar waƙa.” Saboda haka ya ba da umarnin: aika Shtokolov zuwa ga Conservatory. Don haka na ƙare a Sverdlovsk Conservatory. Ta hanyar sani, don magana…”

Saboda haka Shtokolov zama dalibi na vocal baiwa na Ural Conservatory. Boris dole ne ya hada karatunsa a ɗakin karatu tare da aikin maraice a matsayin mai aikin lantarki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, sannan kuma a matsayin mai haskakawa a Opera da Ballet Theater. Duk da yake har yanzu dalibi Shtokolov aka yarda a matsayin intern a cikin troupe na Sverdlovsk Opera House. Anan ya wuce makaranta mai kyau na aikace-aikace, ya karbi kwarewar tsofaffin abokan aiki. Sunansa ya fara bayyana a kan poster na gidan wasan kwaikwayo: artist aka sanya da dama episodic matsayin, wanda ya yi wani kyakkyawan aiki. Kuma a shekarar 1954, nan da nan bayan kammala karatu daga Conservatory, da matasa singer zama daya daga cikin manyan soloists na wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukansa na farko, Melnik a cikin opera Mermaid na Dargomyzhsky, masu dubawa sun yaba sosai.

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1959, Shtokolov ya yi wasa a kasashen waje a karon farko, inda ya lashe lambar yabo na gasar kasa da kasa a bikin matasa da dalibai na VII na duniya a Vienna. Kuma tun kafin ya tafi, an yarda da shi a cikin ƙungiyar opera na Leningrad Academic Opera da Ballet Theater mai suna bayan SM Kirov.

Ƙarin fasaha na Shtokolov yana da alaƙa da wannan haɗin gwiwa. Yana samun karɓuwa a matsayin kyakkyawan fassarar wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha: Tsar Boris a Boris Godunov da Dosifei a cikin Khovanshchina na Mussorgsky, Ruslan da Ivan Susanin a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Glinka, Galitsky a cikin Borodin's Prince Igor, Gremin a cikin Eugene Onegin. Shtokolov kuma ya yi nasara a irin wannan matsayi kamar Mephistopheles a cikin Gounod's Faust da Don Basilio a cikin Rossini's The Barber of Seville. Har ila yau, mawaƙin yana shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo na zamani - "The Fate of a Man" na I. Dzerzhinsky, "Oktoba" na V. Muradeli da sauransu.

Kowane rawa Shtokolov, kowane mataki image halitta da shi, a matsayin mai mulkin, alama da zurfin tunani, mutunci na ra'ayin, vocal da mataki kammala. Shirye-shiryensa na kide-kide sun hada da ɗimbin kayan gargajiya da na zamani. A duk inda mai zane ya yi – a matakin wasan opera ko a dandalin kide-kide, fasaharsa tana jan hankalin masu sauraro da yanayin yanayin sa mai haske, sabo da tunani, sahihancin ji. Muryar mawaƙi - babban bass na wayar hannu - an bambanta ta da santsin bayyana sauti, laushi da kyawun katako. Duk wannan ana iya ganin masu sauraron kasashe da dama inda hazikin mawakin ya taka rawar gani cikin nasara.

Shtokolov ya rera waka a kan matakan opera da yawa da kuma wasan kwaikwayo a duniya, a cikin gidajen wasan opera a Amurka da Spain, Sweden da Italiya, Faransa, Switzerland, GDR, FRG; An karbe shi cikin nishadi a dakunan kide-kide na Hungary, Australia, Cuba, Ingila, Kanada da sauran kasashen duniya da dama. Jaridun kasashen waje suna matukar yaba wa mawakin a wasan opera da kuma a cikin shirye-shiryen kide kide da wake-wake, inda suka sanya shi cikin fitattun mawakan fasaha a duniya.

A cikin 1969, lokacin da N. Benois ya shirya wasan opera Khovanshchina a Chicago tare da N. Gyaurov (Ivan Khovansky), an gayyaci Shtokolov don yin aikin Dositheus. Bayan farko, masu sukar sun rubuta: "Shtokolov babban mai fasaha ne. Muryarsa tana da kyan gani da kyan gani. Waɗannan halayen murya suna hidima mafi girman nau'in wasan kwaikwayo. Anan akwai babban bass tare da fasaha mara kyau a wurinsa. Boris Shtokolov yana cikin jerin abubuwan ban sha'awa na manyan bass na Rasha na baya-bayan nan ...", "Shtokolov, tare da wasansa na farko a Amurka, ya tabbatar da sunansa a matsayin bass cantante na gaskiya ..." Magaji ga manyan hadisai na makarantar opera ta Rasha. , tasowa a cikin aikinsa nasarorin na Rasha music da mataki al'adu, - wannan shi ne yadda Soviet da kuma kasashen waje sukar tantance Shtokolov gaba daya.

Yin aiki da 'ya'yan itace a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo Boris Shtokolov yana mai da hankali sosai ga wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukan kide-kide ya zama ci gaban halitta na kerawa akan matakin wasan opera, amma an bayyana wasu fannoni na gwanintarsa ​​na asali a ciki.

Shtokolov ya ce: "Yana da wuya ga mawaƙa a kan wasan kwaikwayo fiye da wasan opera." "Babu sutura, shimfidar wuri, wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai zane dole ne ya bayyana ainihin da halayen hotunan aikin kawai ta hanyar murya, kadai, ba tare da taimakon abokan tarayya ba."

A kan wasan kwaikwayo Shtokolov, watakila, har ma mafi girma fitarwa jira. Bayan haka, ba kamar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kirov ba, hanyoyin yawon shakatawa na Boris Timofeevich ya gudana a cikin kasar. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin martanin jarida, mutum zai iya karanta: "Ku ƙone, ƙone, tauraro na ..." - idan mawaƙin ya yi wannan soyayya kawai a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, abubuwan tunawa zasu isa har tsawon rayuwa. Kuna jin daɗin wannan muryar - duka masu ƙarfin zuciya da tausasawa, ga waɗannan kalmomi - "ƙone", "masu daraja", "sihiri" ... Yadda yake furta su - kamar yana ba su kamar kayan ado. Kuma haka masterpiece bayan masterpiece. "Oh, idan zan iya bayyana shi da sauti", "Safiya, launin toka", "Ina son ku", "Na fita ni kadai a kan hanya", "Koci, kada ku tuka dawakai", "Bakar idanu". Babu karya - ba cikin sauti ba, ba a cikin magana ba. Kamar yadda a cikin tatsuniyoyi game da masu sihiri, wanda dutse mai sauƙi ya zama lu'u-lu'u, kowane taɓawar muryar Shtokolov zuwa kiɗa, ta hanyar, yana haifar da wannan mu'ujiza. A cikin crucible abin da wahayi ya halicci gaskiyarsa a cikin harshen Rashanci m? Da kuma waƙar ƙasar Rasha da ba ta ƙarewa a cikinta - tare da waɗanne miliyoyi don auna nisa da faɗinsa?

"Na lura," Shtokolov ya yarda, "cewa ji na da hangen nesa na ciki, abin da nake tunani da kuma gani a cikin tunanina, ana watsawa zuwa zauren. Wannan yana haɓaka ma'anar ƙirƙira, fasaha da alhakin ɗan adam: bayan haka, mutanen da ke sauraren ni a zauren ba za a iya yaudare su ba. "

A ranar da ya cika shekaru hamsin a kan mataki na Kirov Theater Shtokolov ya yi rawar da ya fi so - Boris Godunov. "Mawaki Godunov ya yi," in ji AP Konnov mai wayo ne, mai mulki mai karfi, da gaske yana ƙoƙari don ci gaban jiharsa, amma ta hanyar ƙarfin yanayi, tarihin kansa ya sa shi cikin mummunan yanayi. Masu sauraro da masu sukar sun yaba da hoton da ya halitta, suna danganta shi ga manyan nasarorin wasan opera na Soviet. Amma Shtokolov ya ci gaba da aiki a kan "Borissa", yana ƙoƙarin isar da duk mafi kusanci da dabara na ruhinsa.

"Hoton Boris," in ji mawaƙin da kansa, "yana cike da inuwa mai yawa. Zurfinsa kamar a gare ni ba zai ƙarewa ba. Yana da nau'i-nau'i da yawa, mai rikitarwa a cikin rashin daidaituwa, wanda ya fi kama ni da yawa, yana buɗe sababbin damar, sababbin fuskoki na cikin jiki.

A cikin shekara ta singer ta ranar tunawa da jaridar "Soviet Culture" ya rubuta. "Mawaƙin Leningrad shine mai farin ciki mai farin ciki na muryar kyan gani na musamman. Zurfafa, shiga cikin zurfafawar zuciyar ɗan adam, mai wadatar sauye-sauyen dabarar timbres, yana ɗaukan ƙarfinsa mai girma, ƙaƙƙarfan robobi na wannan magana, mai ban mamaki da ban mamaki. Mutane Artist na Tarayyar Soviet Boris Shtokolov raira waƙa, kuma ba za ka dame shi da kowa. Kyautarsa ​​ta musamman ce, fasaharsa ta musamman ce, tana haɓaka nasarorin makarantar murya ta ƙasa. Gaskiyar sauti, gaskiyar magana, da malamanta suka yi wasiyya, sun sami mafi girman furcinsu a cikin aikin mawaƙa.

Mai zane da kansa ya ce: "Fasahar Rasha tana buƙatar ruhin Rasha, karimci, ko wani abu… Ba za a iya koyan wannan ba, dole ne a ji shi."

PS Boris Timofeevich Shtokolov ya rasu a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 2005.