Nau'ukan ƙanana guda uku a cikin kiɗa

Kadan sikelin yana da manyan nau'ikan guda uku: ƙarami na halitta, Harmonic orari, da kuma melodic orarancin.

Game da fasalin kowane ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin da yadda ake samun su, za mu yi magana a yau.

Ƙananan ƙananan halitta - mai sauƙi da m

Ƙananan yanayi shine ma'auni da aka gina bisa ga ma'anar "sautin - semitone - sautunan 2 - semitone - sautuna 2". Wannan makirci ne na kowa don tsarin ƙananan ma'auni, kuma don samun sauri da sauri, ya isa kawai don sanin alamun maɓalli a cikin maɓallin da ake so. Babu canje-canjen digiri a cikin wannan nau'in ƙarami, don haka ba za a iya samun alamun canji na bazata a ciki ba.

Alal misali, ƙarami shine ma'auni ba tare da alamu ba. Saboda haka, na halitta A ƙarami shine ma'auni na bayanin kula la, si, do, re, mi, fa, sol, la. Ko kuma wani misali, ƙananan sikelin D ya ƙunshi alama ɗaya - B lebur, wanda ke nufin cewa ƙananan sikelin D na halitta shine motsi na matakai a jere daga D zuwa D zuwa B lebur. Idan ba a tuna da alamun da ke cikin maɓallan da ake so nan da nan ba, to, za ku iya gane su ta amfani da da'irar biyar, ko mayar da hankali kan manyan layi daya.

Ƙananan ma'auni na halitta yana sauti mai sauƙi, bakin ciki da ɗan tsauri. Abin da ya sa ƙanana na halitta ya zama ruwan dare a cikin kiɗan jama'a da na cocin na da.

Misalin waƙa a wannan yanayin: "Ina zaune akan dutse" – Shahararriyar waƙar gargajiya ta Rasha, a cikin rikodin da ke ƙasa, maɓallinsa shine ƙaramar E na halitta.

Harmonic ƙananan - zuciyar Gabas

A cikin ƙarami mai jituwa, mataki na bakwai yana tasowa idan aka kwatanta da yanayin yanayin yanayi. Idan a cikin ƙarami na halitta mataki na bakwai ya kasance "tsabta", "fari" bayanin kula, to, ya tashi tare da taimakon kaifi, idan yana da lebur, to, tare da taimakon becar, amma idan ya kasance mai kaifi. sa'an nan kuma ƙara karuwa a cikin mataki yana yiwuwa tare da taimakon mai kaifi biyu. Don haka, ana iya gane wannan nau'in yanayin koyaushe ta bayyanar wata alama ta bazata.

Alal misali, a cikin ƙananan ƙananan, mataki na bakwai shine sautin G, a cikin tsarin jituwa ba zai zama G kawai ba, amma G-kaifi. Wani misali: C ƙarami shine tonality tare da filaye uku a maɓalli (si, mi da la flat), bayanin kula si-flat ya faɗi akan mataki na bakwai, muna ɗaga shi tare da becar (si-becar).

Saboda karuwar mataki na bakwai (VII #), tsarin sikelin yana canzawa a cikin ƙananan masu jituwa. Nisa tsakanin matakai na shida da na bakwai ya zama kamar sautuna ɗaya da rabi. Wannan rabo yana haifar da bayyanar sabbin ƙarin tazara, waɗanda ba a can baya. Irin waɗannan tazarar sun haɗa da, alal misali, ƙarawa na biyu (tsakanin VI da VII#) ko ƙara na biyar (tsakanin III da VII#).

Ƙaramin ma'auni mai jituwa yana jin tsauri, yana da ɗanɗanon larabci-gabas. Duk da haka, duk da wannan, ƙananan masu jituwa ne wanda ya fi kowa a cikin nau'o'in ƙananan yara uku a cikin kiɗan Turai - na gargajiya, jama'a ko pop-pop. Ya sami sunansa "harmonic" saboda yana nuna kansa sosai a cikin maɗaukaki, wato, cikin jituwa.

Misalin waƙa a cikin wannan yanayin shine mutanen Rasha "Song of Bean" (makullin yana cikin ƙaramin ƙarami, kamannin yana jituwa, kamar yadda bazuwar G-kaifi ya gaya mana).

Mawaƙin na iya amfani da nau'ikan ƙanana daban-daban a cikin aiki ɗaya, alal misali, ƙarami na halitta dabam tare da jituwa, kamar yadda Mozart ya yi a cikin babban jigon shahararsa. Symphonies No. 40:

Melodic ƙarami - motsin rai da sha'awa

Ƙaramin ma'auni na waƙa ya bambanta lokacin da aka motsa sama ko ƙasa. Idan sun haura, to, sai a tashi matakai biyu a lokaci daya a cikinsa – ta shida (VI #) da ta bakwai (VII #). Idan sun yi wasa ko rera waƙa, to waɗannan canje-canjen an soke su, da ƙananan ƙananan sautunan halitta na yau da kullun.

Misali, ma'aunin ƙarami a cikin motsin hawan melodic zai zama ma'auni na bayanin kula masu zuwa: la, si, do, re, mi, f-sharp (VI#), sol-sharp (VII#), la. Lokacin motsawa ƙasa, waɗannan kaifi zasu ɓace, suna juya zuwa G-becar da F-becar.

Ko gamma a cikin ƙananan C a cikin motsin hawan hawan melodic shine: C, D, E-flat (tare da maɓalli), F, G, A-becar (VI#), B-becar (VII#), C. Baya-tashe. Bayanan kula za su koma B-lebur da A-lebur yayin da kuke motsawa ƙasa.

Da sunan wannan nau'in ƙananan yara, a bayyane yake cewa an yi nufin amfani da shi a cikin kyawawan waƙoƙi. Tun da ƙananan sautin waƙa (ba daidai suke sama da ƙasa ba), yana iya yin nuni da mafi kyawun yanayi da gogewa lokacin da ya bayyana.

Lokacin da ma'auni ya hau, sautunansa huɗu na ƙarshe (misali, a cikin ƙaramin ƙarami - mi, F-sharp, G-sharp, la) sun zo daidai da ma'aunin manyan suna ɗaya (A babba a cikin yanayinmu). Sabili da haka, za su iya isar da inuwar haske, dalilai na bege, jin dadi. Motsi a kishiyar hanya tare da sautunan ma'aunin yanayi yana ɗaukar duka tsananin ƙarancin ƙaramar halitta, kuma, watakila, wani nau'in halaka, ko watakila sansanin soja, amincewar sauti.

Tare da kyawunsa da sassauƙansa, tare da faffadan damarsa wajen isar da ji, ƙaramar waƙa ta kasance mai matukar sha'awar mawaƙa, wanda hakan ne ma ya sa ake samun sau da yawa a cikin fitattun wakoki da waƙoƙi. Mu dauki wakar a matsayin misali "Moscow Nights" (Kiɗa na V. Solovyov-Sedoy, waƙoƙin M. Matusovsky), inda ƙaramin ɗan waƙa tare da matakan haɓaka sauti a lokacin da mawaƙin yayi magana game da yadda yake ji (Idan kun san yadda nake ƙaunata…):

Mu sake yi

Don haka, akwai nau'ikan ƙananan nau'ikan 3: na farko na halitta ne, na biyu kuma mai jituwa ne na uku kuma karin waƙa ne:

1. Za a iya samun ƙananan ƙananan halitta ta hanyar gina ma'auni ta amfani da ma'anar "tone-semitone-tone-tone-semitone-tone-tone";
2. A cikin ƙaramar jituwa, an ɗaga digiri na bakwai (VII#);
3. A cikin ƙaramar waƙa, lokacin hawan sama, matakai na shida da na bakwai (VI# da VII#) ana ɗaga su, kuma idan an koma baya, ana kunna ƙarami na halitta.

Don yin aiki a kan wannan batu kuma ku tuna yadda ƙananan sikelin ke sauti a cikin nau'i daban-daban, muna ba da shawarar kallon wannan bidiyon ta Anna Naumova (waƙa tare da ita):

atisayen horarwa

Don ƙarfafa batun, bari mu yi motsa jiki biyu. Aikin shine: rubuta, magana ko wasa akan piano ma'auni na nau'ikan ƙananan ma'auni guda 3 a ƙananan E da ƙananan G.

Tebur ƙaramin ma'auni

Ga wadanda har yanzu suna da wuya su yi tunanin ƙananan ma'auni a cikin nau'i uku, mun shirya tebur mai nuni. Ya ƙunshi sunan maɓalli da naɗin harafinsa, hoton maɓalli na maɓalli - masu kaifi da filaye a daidai adadin, da kuma sunaye bazuwar haruffa waɗanda ke bayyana cikin ma'auni mai jituwa ko launin waƙa. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da ƙananan maɓalli goma sha biyar a cikin kiɗa:

Yadda za a yi amfani da irin wannan tebur? Yi la'akari da ma'auni a ƙananan B da ƙananan F a matsayin misali. Akwai alamomi guda biyu a cikin ƙananan B: F-sharp da C-sharp, wanda ke nufin cewa ma'auni na wannan maɓalli zai yi kama da haka: B, C-kaifi, D, E, F-kaifi, G, A, Si. Ƙananan B masu jituwa zai haɗa da A-kaifi. A cikin ƙaramar sautin B, za a riga an canza matakai biyu - G-kaifi da A-kaifi.

A cikin ƙananan sikelin F, kamar yadda ya bayyana daga tebur, akwai alamun maɓalli guda huɗu: si, mi, la da d-flat. Don haka ƙaramin sikelin F na halitta shine: F, G, A-flat, B-lebur, C, D-flat, E-flat, F. A cikin jituwa F ƙananan - mi-bekar, a matsayin karuwa a mataki na bakwai. A cikin sautin ƙarami F - D-becar da E-becar.

Shi ke nan a yanzu! A cikin batutuwa masu zuwa, za ku koyi cewa akwai wasu nau'ikan ƙananan ma'auni, da kuma menene nau'ikan manyan nau'ikan uku. Ku kasance da mu, ku shiga group dinmu na Facebook domin samun labarai da dumi-duminsu!