Nikolay Nikolaevich Cherepnin (Nikolai Tcherepnin) |
Nikolai Tcherepnin
Akwai duniya gaba ɗaya, mai rai, iri-iri, sautin sihiri da mafarkin sihiri… F. Tyutchev
A ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1909, dukan mawaƙa na Paris sun yaba wa ballet "Pavilion na Armida", wanda ya buɗe ballet na farko "Russian Season", wanda masanin farfagandar fasaha na Rasha S. Diaghilev ya shirya. Wadanda suka kirkiro "Pavilion na Armida", wanda shekaru da yawa sun sami gindin zama a kan al'amuran ballet na duniya, sun kasance sanannen mawaƙa M. Fokin, mai zane-zane A. Benois da mawaki da madugu N. Cherepnin.
Dalibin N. Rimsky-Korsakov, abokin A. Glazunov da A. Lyadov, memba na sanannun al'umma "Duniya na Art", wani mawaki wanda ya samu karbuwa daga da yawa daga cikin fitattun zamaninsa, ciki har da S. Rachmaninov, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, A. Pavlova, Z. Paliashvili, M. Balanchivadze, A. Spendnarov, S. Vasilenko, S. Koussevitzky, M. Ravel, G. Piernet. Sh. Monte da sauransu, - Cherepnin shiga cikin tarihin Rasha music na XX karni. ɗaya daga cikin fitattun shafuka a matsayin mawaki, madugu, pianist, malami.
An haifi Cherepnin a cikin dangin sanannen likita na St. Petersburg, likita na sirri F. Dostoevsky. Iyalin Cherepnin sun bambanta da fa'idar fasaha mai fa'ida: mahaifin mawaƙin ya san, alal misali, M. Mussorgsky da A. Serov. Tcherepnin ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar St. Petersburg (Faculty of Law) da St. Petersburg Conservatory (aji na N. Rimsky-Korsakov). Har zuwa 1921, ya jagoranci rayuwa mai ban sha'awa a matsayin mawaki da jagora ("Rasha Symphony Concertos", kide kide da wake-wake na Rasha Musical Society, rani kide a Pavlovsk, "Historical Concerts" a Moscow; shugaba na Mariinsky Theater a St. Opera House a Tiflis, a cikin 1909-14 shekaru shugaba na "Rasha Seasons" a Paris, London, Monte Carlo, Rome, Berlin). Gudunmawar Tcherepnin ga ilimin kida yana da girma. Kasancewa a cikin 190518. malami (tun 1909 farfesa) na St. Petersburg Conservatory, ya kafa darasi na farko a Rasha. Dalibansa - S. Prokofiev, N. Malko, Yu. Shaporin, V. Dranishnikov da wasu fitattun mawaƙa - sadaukar da kalmomin ƙauna da godiya gare shi a cikin abubuwan tunawa.
Ayyukan Tcherepnin ga al'adun kiɗa na Jojiya suna da kyau (a cikin 1918-21 shi ne darektan Tiflis Conservatory, ya yi aiki a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo da opera).
Tun 1921, Cherepnin ya zauna a Paris, ya kafa Conservatory na Rasha a can, ya yi aiki tare da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ballet A. Pavlova, kuma ya zagaya a matsayin jagora a yawancin ƙasashe na duniya. Hanyar kirkire-kirkire ta N.Tcherepnin ta dade fiye da rabin karni kuma an yi masa alama ta hanyar ƙirƙirar fiye da 60 opuses na kayan kida, gyare-gyare da daidaita ayyukan wasu mawallafa. A cikin al'adun kirkire-kirkire na mawaki, wanda duk nau'ikan kiɗan ke wakilta, akwai ayyukan da aka ci gaba da al'adun The Mighty Handful da P. Tchaikovsky; amma akwai (kuma mafi yawansu) ayyukan da ke kusa da sababbin hanyoyin fasaha na karni na XNUMX, mafi yawan duka zuwa ra'ayi. Suna da asali sosai kuma sabuwar kalma ce don kiɗan Rasha na wancan lokacin.
Cibiyar kere kere ta Tcherepnin ta ƙunshi ballets 16. Mafi kyawun su - Rukunin Armida (1907), Narcissus da Echo (1911), Mask na Red Death (1915) - an halicce su don lokutan Rasha. Ba makawa ga fasaha na farkon karni, jigon soyayya na rashin jituwa tsakanin mafarki da gaskiya yana samuwa a cikin wadannan ballets tare da fasaha na fasaha wanda ya kawo kidan Tcherepnin kusa da zanen masu ra'ayin Faransanci C. Monet, O. Renoir, A. Sisley, kuma daga masu zane-zane na Rasha tare da zane-zane ta daya daga cikin masu fasahar "kiɗa" na wancan lokacin V. Borisov-Musatov. Wasu daga cikin ayyukan Tcherepnin an rubuta su a kan jigogi na tatsuniyoyi na Rasha (wasiƙun wakoki "Marya Morevna", "Tale of the Princess Smile", "The Enchanted Bird, the Golden Fish").
Daga cikin mawaƙa ayyukan Tcherepnin (2 symphonies, Symphonietta a ƙwaƙwalwar N. Rimsky-Korsakov, symphonic waka "Kada" (bayan E. Poe), Bambance-bambance a kan jigo na wani soja song "Nightingale, nightingale, kadan tsuntsu", Concerto ga piano da makada, da dai sauransu) mafi ban sha'awa su ne shirye-shiryensa na shirye-shirye: prelude symphonic "The Princess of Dreams" (bayan E. Rostand), da symphonic waka "Macbeth" (bayan W. Shakespeare), da symphonic hoto "The Enchanted". Mulki" (zuwa labarin Firebird), ban mamaki fantasy "Daga gefe zuwa gefe" (bisa ga labarin falsafa na wannan sunan ta F. Tyutchev), "Tale of the Fisherman da Kifi" (bisa ga A. Pushkin).
An rubuta a ƙasashen waje a cikin 30s. operas The Matchmaker (dangane da wasan kwaikwayon A. Ostrovsky Talauci Ba Mataimakin) da Vanka Mabuɗin Maɓalli (dangane da wasan kwaikwayon sunan guda na F. Sologub) misali ne mai ban sha'awa na gabatar da hadaddun dabarun rubuce-rubucen kiɗa a cikin nau'in. na wasan opera na gargajiya don kiɗan Rasha XX in.
Cherepnin ya sami nasara da yawa a cikin nau'in cantata-oratorio ("Song of Sappho" da kuma ayyuka na ruhaniya da yawa a cappella, ciki har da "The Virgin's Passage through Torment" zuwa rubutun wakoki na ruhaniya na jama'a, da dai sauransu) kuma a cikin nau'o'in choral ("Dare" "a kan st. V. Yuryeva-Drentelna, "Tsohuwar Song" a tashar A. Koltsov, mawaƙa a tashar mawaƙa na Will I. Palmina ("Kada ku yi kuka a kan gawarwakin mayakan da suka mutu"). da kuma I. Nikitin ("Lokaci yana tafiya sannu a hankali"). Waƙoƙin murya na Cherepnin (fiye da 100 na soyayya) sun ƙunshi batutuwa masu yawa da makirci - daga kalmomin falsafa ("Muryar ƙaho" a tashar D. Merezhkovsky, "Tunani da Waves" a kan. F. Tyutchev ta tashar) zuwa hotuna na yanayi ("Twilight" on F. Tyutchev), daga mai ladabi stylization na Rasha songs ("Wreath zuwa Gorodetsky") zuwa tatsuniyoyi ("Tatsuniyoyi" na K. Balmont).
Daga cikin sauran ayyukan da Cherepnin ya yi, ya kamata a ambaci piano mai ban mamaki "ABC a cikin Hotuna" tare da zane-zane na A. Benois, String Quartet, quartets don ƙaho huɗu da sauran ƙungiyoyi don ƙididdiga daban-daban. Cherepnin kuma shine marubucin kade-kade da bugu na ayyukan kiɗa na Rasha da yawa (Melnik the Sorcerer, Deceiver and Matchmaker na M. Sokolovsky, Sorochinsky Fair na M. Mussorgsky, da dai sauransu).
Shekaru da yawa, sunan Tcherepnin bai bayyana a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da fastoci na kide-kide ba, kuma ba a buga ayyukansa ba. A cikin wannan ya raba makomar yawancin masu fasaha na Rasha waɗanda suka ƙare a ƙasashen waje bayan juyin juya halin. Yanzu aikin marubucin ya ɗauki matsayin da ya dace a cikin tarihin al'adun kiɗa na Rasha; An buga maki da yawa da kuma littafin tarihinsa, Sonatina op. 61 don iska, percussion da xylophone, babban aikin N. Tcherepnin da M. Fokine, ballet "Pavilion of Armida" yana jiran farkawa.
GAME DA. Tompakova
