Wani abu game da kunna violin don masu farawa: tarihi, tsarin kayan aiki, ka'idodin wasa

Na farko, 'yan tunani game da tarihin kayan kiɗan kanta. Violin a cikin nau'i wanda aka san shi a yau ya bayyana a cikin karni na 16. Mafi kusancin dangi na violin na zamani ana ɗaukarsa shine violin. Bugu da ƙari, daga gare ta violin ya gaji ba kawai kamanninsa na waje ba, har ma da wasu dabarun wasa.

Shahararriyar makarantar masu yin violin ita ce makarantar babban malamin Italiya Stradivari. Sirrin sautin ban mamaki na violin nasa bai riga ya tonu ba. An yi imani da cewa dalilin shine varnish na shirye-shiryensa.

Shahararrun ’yan wasan violin su ma ’yan Italiya ne. Wataƙila kun riga kun saba da sunayensu - Corelli, Tartini, Vivaldi, Paganini, da sauransu.

Wasu fasalulluka na tsarin violin

Violin yana da igiyoyi 4: G-re-la-mi

Ana yawan kunna violin ta hanyar kwatanta sautinsa da waƙar ɗan adam. Baya ga wannan kwatancen waka, bayyanar kayan aikin a waje ya yi kama da siffar mace, kuma sunayen sassan jikin violin guda ɗaya sun yi daidai da sunayen jikin ɗan adam. Violin yana da kai wanda aka makala turakun, wuyansa mai allon yatsan ebony da jiki.

Jiki ya ƙunshi bene guda biyu (an yi su da nau'ikan itace daban-daban - na sama an yi shi da maple, kuma na ƙasa an yi shi da Pine), an haɗa su da harsashi. A saman bene akwai ramummuka da aka siffa a cikin siffar harafi - f-ramuka, kuma a cikin tsakanin allunan sauti akwai baka - waɗannan duka masu sake sauti ne.

Violin f-ramuka - f-siffa cutouts

Zaren, da violin suna da huɗu daga cikinsu (G, D, A, E), an haɗa su zuwa wutsiya da ke riƙe da maɓalli tare da madauki, kuma ana ɗaure su ta amfani da turaku. Gyaran violin shine na biyar - an kunna kayan aikin farawa daga zaren "A". Ga kari - Menene igiyoyi da aka yi?

Baka ita ce sandar da aka shimfida gashin doki a kai (yanzu gashin roba ma ana amfani da shi sosai). An yi rake ne da farko da itace kuma yana da siffa mai lanƙwasa. Akwai toshe akan shi, wanda ke da alhakin tashin hankali na gashi. Mai violin yana ƙayyade matakin tashin hankali dangane da halin da ake ciki. Ana adana baka a cikin akwati kawai tare da gashin ƙasa.

Yaya ake kunna violin?

Baya ga kayan aiki da kanta da baka, dan wasan violin yana buƙatar chinrest da gada. An haɗa chinrest a saman allon sautin kuma, kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, an sanya ƙwanƙwasa a kansa, kuma an sanya gadar a kan ƙananan ɓangaren sautin don ya fi dacewa don riƙe violin a kafada. Ana gyara duk wannan don mawaƙin ya ji daɗi.

Ana amfani da hannaye biyu don kunna violin. Suna da haɗin kai sosai - da hannu ɗaya ba za ku iya kunna ko da waƙa mai sauƙi akan violin ba. Kowane hannu yana yin aikin kansa - hannun hagu, wanda ke riƙe da violin, yana da alhakin sautin sauti, hannun dama tare da baka yana da alhakin samar da sauti.

A hannun hagu, yatsu huɗu suna cikin wasan, waɗanda ke motsawa tare da allon yatsa daga matsayi zuwa matsayi. Ana sanya yatsunsu a kan kirtani a cikin tsari mai zagaye, a tsakiyar kushin. Violin kayan aiki ne ba tare da kafaffen farar ba - babu frets akansa, kamar a kan guitar, ko maɓalli, kamar a kan piano, wanda kuke danna kuma ku sami sautin wani sauti. Sabili da haka, an ƙaddara sautin violin ta hanyar kunne, kuma ana haɓaka sauye-sauye daga matsayi zuwa matsayi ta hanyar horo da yawa.

Hannun dama yana da alhakin motsa baka tare da kirtani - kyawun sauti ya dogara da yadda ake riƙe baka. A hankali matsar da bakan zuwa sama yana da cikakken bayani. Hakanan ana iya kunna violin ba tare da baka ba - ta hanyar tarawa (wannan fasaha ana kiranta pizzicato).

Wannan shine yadda kuke riƙe violin lokacin wasa

Tsarin karatun violin a makarantar kiɗa yana ɗaukar shekaru bakwai, amma a gaskiya, da zarar ka fara kunna violin, za ku ci gaba da yin nazari a duk rayuwar ku. Hatta ƙwararrun mawaƙa ba sa jin kunyar amincewa da hakan.

Duk da haka, wannan baya nufin cewa yana da wuya a koyi buga violin. Gaskiyar ita ce, na dogon lokaci kuma har yanzu a wasu al'adu violin ya kasance kuma ya kasance kayan aikin jama'a. Kamar yadda kuka sani, kayan aikin jama'a sun zama sananne saboda samun damarsu. Kuma yanzu – wasu ban mamaki music!

F. Kreisler Waltz "Pang of Love"

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Mozart ya koyi buga violin yana da shekaru 4. Kansa, ta kunne. Ba wanda ya yarda da shi har sai yaron ya nuna basirarsa kuma ya gigice manya! Don haka, idan yaro dan shekara 4 ya kware wajen buga wannan kayan aikin sihiri, to Allah da kansa ya umarce ku, masu karatu, da ku dauki baka!