Ralph Vaughan Williams |

Ralph Vaughan Williams

Mawaƙin Ingilishi, ƴan gana da kida na jama'a, mai tarawa kuma mai bincike na tarihin kiɗan Ingilishi. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Trinity, Jami'ar Cambridge tare da C. Wood da kuma Royal College of Music a London (1892-96) tare da X. Parry da C. Stanford (composition), W. Parrett (organ); ya inganta a cikin abun da ke ciki tare da M. Bruch a Berlin, tare da M. Ravel a Paris. Daga 1896-99 ya kasance organist a South Lambeth Church a Landan. Tun 1904 ya kasance memba na Folk Song Society. Daga 1919 ya koyar da abun da ke ciki a Royal College of Music (daga farfesa na 1921). A cikin 1920-28 shugaban kungiyar Choir na Bach.

Vaughan Williams yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa sabuwar makarantar Ingilishi na abun da ke ciki ("Maganar Kiɗa na Ingilishi"), wanda ya yi shelar buƙatar ƙirƙirar kiɗan ƙwararrun ƙasa dangane da tarihin kiɗan Ingilishi da al'adun masana Ingilishi na ƙarni na 16 da 17; ya tabbatar da ra'ayoyinta tare da aikinsa, yana shigar da su a cikin ayyukan nau'o'in nau'i daban-daban: 3 "Norfolk rhapsodies" ("Norfolk rhapsodies", 1904-06) don kade-kade na kade-kade, abubuwan ban sha'awa a kan taken Tallis don ƙungiyar makaɗa biyu ("Fantasia on). jigo ta Tallis”, 1910), Symphony ta London ta biyu (“London symphony”, 2, 1914nd ed. 2), opera “Hugh the Gurtmaker” (op. 1920), da dai sauransu.

Babban nasarorin da ya samu shine a fagen kade-kade da wake-wake. A cikin ayyukan ban dariya da yawa na Vaughan Williams, an haɗa ɓangarori na tarihin mutanen Ingilishi, an sake ƙirƙira hotuna na gaske na rayuwar Ingila ta zamani, kayan kiɗan da ya zana musamman daga tarihin kiɗan Ingilishi.

Ayyukan ban mamaki na Vaughan-Williams an bambanta su ta hanyar yanayi mai ban mamaki (wasan kwaikwayo na 4), tsabtar waƙa, ƙwararriyar muryar murya, da basirar tsarawa, wanda a cikinsa ake jin tasirin Impressionists. Daga cikin manya-manyan muryoyin, sautin murya da ayyukan mawaƙa akwai oratorios da cantatas waɗanda aka yi niyya don yin aikin coci. Daga cikin operas, "Sir John in Love" ("Sir John in Love", 1929, bisa "The Windsor Gossips" na W. Shakespeare) ya sami babban nasara. Vaughan Williams ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mawakan Ingilishi na farko waɗanda suka yi aiki sosai a cikin sinima (an rubuta waƙarsa ta 7 akan kidan don fim ɗin game da mai binciken polar RF Scott).

Ayyukan Vaughan-Williams yana da ma'auni na ra'ayoyi, asali na ma'anar kiɗa da ma'ana, yanayin ɗan adam da kishin ƙasa. Ayyukan adabi-masu mahimmanci da aikin jarida na Vaughan-Williams sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da al'adun kiɗan Ingilishi na ƙarni na 20.

MM Yakovlev

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

wasan kwaikwayo (6) – Hugh direba (1924, London), The guba sumba (The guba kiss, 1936, Cambridge), Riders to the sea (1937, London), The alhaji ta ci gaba, no to Benyan, 1951, London) da sauransu. ; ballet - Tsohon King Cole (Tsohon King Cole, 1923), daren Kirsimeti (A daren Kirsimeti, 1926, Chicago), Ayuba (Ayuba, 1931, London); maganganun magana, cantatas; don makada - 9 wasan kwaikwayo (1909-58), hada da. software - 1st, Marine (A sea Symphony, 1910, for choir, soloists and orchestra to word by W. Whitman), 3rd, Pastoral (Pastoral, 1921), 6th (1947, after "The Tempest" by U. Shakespeare), 7th, Antarctic (Sinfonia antartica, 1952); kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide da wake wake, ɗakin taro; piano da tsarin gabobin; mawaƙa, waƙoƙi; shirye-shiryen waƙoƙin jama'a na Ingilishi; kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo da cinema.

Ayyukan adabi: Samuwar kiɗan. Bayan kalma da bayanin kula ta SA Kondratiev, M., 1961.

References: Konen W., Ralph Vaughan Williams. Maƙala akan rayuwa da kerawa, M., 1958.