Isaak Osipovich Dunaevsky (Isaak Dunaevsky) |

Isaac Dunaevsky

… Na sadaukar da aikina ga matasa har abada. Zan iya cewa ba tare da ƙari ba cewa lokacin da na rubuta sabuwar waƙa ko wata waƙa, a hankali na kan yi magana da ita ga matasanmu. I. Dunayevsky

Babban baiwar Dunayevsky an bayyana shi zuwa mafi girma a fagen "haske" nau'ikan. Shi ne mahaliccin sabuwar waka ta Soviet, kiɗan jazz na asali, wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa, operetta. Mawaƙin ya nemi ya cika waɗannan nau'o'in mafi kusa da matasa tare da kyawun gaske, alherin dabara, da ɗanɗano na fasaha.

Dunaevsky ta m al'adunmu yana da girma sosai. Ya mallaki operettas 14, ballets 3, cantatas 2, mawaƙa 80, waƙoƙi da raye-raye 80, kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo 88 da fina-finai 42, waƙoƙin 43 don iri-iri da 12 don ƙungiyar jazz, 17 melodeclamations, 52 symphonic da 47 ayyukan piano.

Dunayevsky aka haife shi a cikin iyali na ma'aikaci. Waka ta raka shi tun yana karami. Sau da yawa ana gudanar da maraice na kaɗe-kaɗe a gidan Dunaevsky, inda, tare da numfashi, ɗan Ishaku ya kasance. A ranar Lahadi, yakan saurari mawaƙa a cikin lambun birni, kuma idan ya dawo gida, yakan ɗauko waƙoƙin maƙiyi da waltz da ya tuna a kan piano. Wani biki na gaske ga yaron ya ziyarci gidan wasan kwaikwayo, inda wasan kwaikwayo na Ukrainian da Rasha da opera suka yi a yawon shakatawa.

A shekaru 8, Dunaevsky ya fara koyon wasa da violin. Nasarorinsa sun kasance masu ban sha'awa cewa a cikin 1910 ya zama dalibi na Kwalejin Kiɗa na Kharkov a cikin aji na violin na Farfesa K. Gorsky, sannan I. Ahron, ƙwararren violin, malami da mawaki. Dunayevsky kuma ya yi karatu tare da Ahron a Kharkov Conservatory, daga abin da ya sauke karatu a 1919. A lokacin da Conservatory shekaru Dunayevsky ya hada da yawa. Malamin rubutunsa shine S. Bogatyrev.

Tun lokacin yaro, da sha'awar soyayya da gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Dunayevsky, ba tare da jinkiri ba, ya zo gare shi bayan kammala karatu daga Conservatory. "An yi la'akari da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sinelnikov a matsayin abin alfahari na Kharkov," kuma daraktan zane-zane "daya daga cikin fitattun mutane a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha."

Da farko, Dunaevsky yi aiki a matsayin violinist-raki a cikin kungiyar makada, sa'an nan a matsayin shugaba da kuma, a karshe, a matsayin shugaban m na gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A lokaci guda, ya rubuta kiɗa don duk sababbin wasanni.

A 1924, Dunaevsky ya koma Moscow, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin m darektan Hermitage iri-iri wasan kwaikwayo. A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta operettas na farko: "Dukkanmu da naku", "Ango", "Wƙaƙe", "Sana'ar Firayim Minista". Amma waɗannan matakan farko ne kawai. Na gaske fitattun mawaƙan ya bayyana daga baya.

A shekarar 1929 ya zama wani ci gaba a cikin rayuwar Dunayevsky. Wani sabon lokacin balagagge na ayyukansa na kirkire-kirkire ya fara, wanda ya kawo masa shaharar da ya cancanta. Dunayevsky ya gayyaci darektan kiɗa zuwa ɗakin kiɗa na Leningrad. "Tare da fara'a, hikima da sauƙi, tare da babban ƙwararrunsa, ya sami ƙauna ta gaskiya ga dukan ƙungiyar masu kirkiro," in ji mai zane N. Cherkasov.

A cikin Leningrad Music Hall, L. Utyosov kullum yi tare da jazz. Don haka akwai taron mawaƙa biyu masu ban sha'awa, waɗanda suka zama abokantaka na dogon lokaci. Dunaevsky nan da nan ya zama sha'awar jazz kuma ya fara rubuta music ga Utyosov gungu. Ya halitta rhapsodies a kan rare songs na Soviet composers, a kan Rasha, Ukrainian, Yahudawa jigogi, jazz fantasy a kan jigogi na kansa songs, da dai sauransu.

Dunayevsky da Utyosov sau da yawa yi aiki tare. "Ina son waɗannan tarurrukan," Utyosov ya rubuta. - "Na yi sha'awar musamman a Dunaevsky ta ikon sadaukar da kansa gabaɗaya ga kiɗa, ba tare da lura da kewaye ba."

A farkon 30s. Dunayevsky ya juya zuwa kiɗan fim. Ya zama mahaliccin sabon salo - wasan kwaikwayo na fim na kiɗa. Wani sabon lokaci mai haske a cikin ci gaban waƙar Soviet, wanda ya shiga rayuwa daga fim din fim, yana hade da sunansa.

A 1934, fim din "Merry Fellows" ya bayyana a kan fuska na kasar tare da kiɗa na Dunaevsky. Fim din ya samu karbuwa daga dimbin jama'a. "Maris na Merry Guys" (Art. V. Lebedev-Kumach) a zahiri tafiya a fadin kasar, ya zagaya dukan duniya da kuma zama daya daga cikin na farko kasa da kasa matasa songs na zamaninmu. Kuma sanannen "Kakhovka" daga cikin fim "Uku Comrades" (1935, art. M. Svetlova)! Matasa ne suka rera ta cikin ƙwazo a cikin shekarun da aka yi ana yin gini cikin lumana. Ya kuma shahara a lokacin Babban Yakin Kishin Kasa. The Song of the Motherland daga fim din Circus (1936, art na V. Lebedev-Kumach) shi ma ya sami shahara a duniya. Dunayevsky kuma ya rubuta mai yawa ban mamaki music ga sauran fina-finai: "Yara Kyaftin Grant", "Masu Neman Farin Ciki", "Goalkeeper", "Rich Bride", "Volga-Volga", "Bright Path", "Kuban Cossacks".

Sha'awar da aikin ga cinema, composing rare songs, Dunaevsky bai juya zuwa operetta shekaru da yawa. Ya koma nau'in da ya fi so a ƙarshen 30s. riga balagagge master.

A lokacin Great Patriotic War, Dunayevsky ya jagoranci waƙa da raye-raye na tsakiyar gidan al'adun ma'aikatan Railway. Duk inda wannan tawagar ta yi - a cikin yankin Volga, a tsakiyar Asiya, a Gabas mai Nisa, a cikin Urals da kuma a Siberiya, suna ƙarfafa ƙarfin aiki a cikin ma'aikatan gida, amincewa da nasarar da sojojin Soviet suka yi a kan abokan gaba. A lokaci guda, Dunayevsky ya rubuta m, m songs, wanda ya samu shahararsa a gaba.

A karshe dai, an yi karagar karshe na yakin. Kasar tana jinyar raunukanta. Kuma a yamma, kamshin bindiga sake.

A cikin wadannan shekaru, gwagwarmayar samar da zaman lafiya ta zama babbar manufar dukkan masu son rai. Dunayevsky, kamar sauran masu fasaha, sun shiga cikin gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya. Agusta 29, 1947 ya operetta "Free Wind" da aka gudanar da babban nasara a Moscow Operetta Theater. Taken gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya kuma yana kunshe a cikin fim din fim din tare da kiɗa na Dunaevsky "Mu ne don zaman lafiya" (1951). Wani waƙa mai ban al'ajabi daga wannan fim ɗin, "Fly, doves," ya sami shahara a duniya. Ya zama alamar bikin VI World Youth Festival a Moscow.

Aikin Dunaevsky na ƙarshe, operetta White Acacia (1955), kyakkyawan misali ne na operetta na Soviet lyrical. Da ƙwazo ne mawaƙin ya rubuta “waƙar swan” nasa, wanda bai taɓa yin “rera” ba! Mutuwa ta rusa shi a tsakiyar aikinsa. Mawaƙin K. Molchanov ya kammala wasan operetta bisa ga zane-zane da Dunayevsky ya bari.

Farkon "White Acacia" ya faru a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 1955 a Moscow. Odessa Theatre of Musical Comedy ne ya shirya shi. Babban darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo I. Grinshpun ya rubuta: "Kuma yana da baƙin ciki a yi tunani," cewa Isaak Osipovich bai ga White Acacia a kan mataki ba, ba zai iya zama shaida ga farin cikin da ya ba 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da masu sauraro ba. Amma ya kasance ɗan adam farin ciki!

M. Komissarskaya

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

ballet – Sauran Faun (1924), ballet na yara Murzilka (1924), City (1924), Ballet Suite (1929); operetta - Dukanmu da naku (1924, post. 1927, Moscow Theater of Musical Buffoonery), Bridegrooms (1926, post. 1927, Moscow Operetta Theater), Straw Hat (1927, Musical Theater mai suna bayan VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow; 2nd edition). 1938, Moscow Operetta gidan wasan kwaikwayo), wukake (1928, Moscow Satire gidan wasan kwaikwayo), Premiere Career (1929, Tashkent Operetta gidan wasan kwaikwayo), Polar Growths (1929, Moscow Operetta gidan wasan kwaikwayo), Million azaba (1932, ibid. ), Golden Valley (1938, Ibid.; 2nd edition 1955, Ibid.), Hanyoyi zuwa Farin Ciki (1941, Leningrad Theater of Musical Comedy), Free Wind (1947, Moscow Operetta Theater), Ɗan Clown (sunan asali. - The Flying Clown, 1960, ibid). ), White Acacia (kayan aikin G. Cherny, saka lambar ballet "Palmushka" da waƙar Larisa a cikin 3rd aiki KB Molchanov ya rubuta a kan jigogi na Dunaevsky; 1955, ibid.); cantatas - Za mu zo (1945), Leningrad, muna tare da ku (1945); kiɗa don fina-finai - Na farko platoon (1933), sau biyu-haife (1934), Merry guys (1934), Golden fitilu (1934), Uku comrades (1935), Hanyar jirgin (1935), 'yar Motherland (1936), Brother (1936), Circus (1936), Yarinya cikin Gaggawa a Kwanan wata (1936), Yara Kyaftin Grant (1936), Masu Neman Farin Ciki (1936), Iska mai Kyau (tare da BM Bogdanov-Berezovsky, 1936), Beethoven Concerto (1937), Rich Bride (1937), Volga-Volga (1938), Bright Way (1940), My love (1940), New House (1946), Spring (1947), Kuban Cossacks (1949), Stadium (1949) , Mashenka's concert (1949), Mu ne na duniya (1951), Winged Defence (1953), Sauya (1954), Jolly Stars (1954), Test of Loyalty (1954); Songs, ciki har da. Hanya mai nisa (lyrics ta EA Dolmatovsky, 1938), Heroes of Khasan (lyrics by VI Lebedev-Kumach, 1939), A kan abokan gaba, ga Motherland, gaba (lyrics na Lebedev-Kumach, 1941), My Moscow (lyrics da Lisyansky). da S. Agranyan, 1942), Maris na Soja na Ma'aikatan Railway (waƙa ta SA Vasiliev, 1944), Na tafi daga Berlin (waƙa ta LI Oshanin, 1945), Song game da Moscow (waƙa ta B. Vinnikov, 1946) , Ways -roads (lyrics na S. Ya. Alymov, 1947), Ni tsohuwar uwa ce daga Rouen (waƙoƙin da G. Rublev, 1949), Song of the youth (lyrics by ML Matusovsky, 1951), School Waltz (lyrics. Matusovsky). , 1952), Waltz Evening (lyrics by Matusovsky, 1953), Moscow Lights (lyrics by Matusovsky, 1954) da sauransu; kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo, shirye-shiryen rediyo; pop music, ciki har da. na wasan kwaikwayo jazz review Store Music (1932), da dai sauransu.