Pietro Mascagni |

Pietro Mascagni

Maskany. "Mutun Karkara". Intermezzo (shugaba - T. Serafin)

A banza ne a yi tunanin cewa babban, babban nasara na wannan saurayi shine sakamakon tallan wayo ... Mascagni, a fili, ba wai kawai mutum ne mai hazaka ba, har ma da wayo. Ya gane cewa a halin yanzu ruhin hakikanin gaskiya, haduwar fasaha tare da gaskiyar rayuwa, yana ko'ina, cewa mutum mai sha'awarsa da bakin ciki ya fi ganewa kuma ya fi kusanci da mu fiye da alloli da alloli. Tare da filastik na Italiyanci kawai da kyau, ya kwatanta wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa da ya zaɓa, kuma sakamakon shine aikin da yake kusan rashin tausayi da kuma sha'awar jama'a. P. Tchaikovsky

An haifi P. Mascagni a cikin dangin mai yin burodi, babban mai son kiɗa. Da yake lura da kwarewar kiɗan ɗansa, mahaifinsa, yana ba da kuɗi kaɗan, ya ɗauki malami don yaron - baritone Emilio Bianchi, wanda ya shirya Pietro don shiga cikin Music Lyceum. Cherubini. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 13, a matsayin dalibi na farko, Mascagni ya rubuta Symphony a C small da "Ave Maria", wanda aka yi tare da babban nasara. Sa'an nan kuma ƙwararren saurayi ya ci gaba da karatunsa a cikin haɗin gwiwa a Conservatory Milan tare da A. Ponchielli, inda G. Puccini yayi karatu a lokaci guda. Bayan kammala karatu daga Conservatory (1885), Mascagni ya zama madugu kuma shugaban operetta troupes, tare da wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa biranen Italiya, kuma ya ba da darussa da kuma rubuta music. Lokacin da gidan wallafe-wallafen Sonzogno ya ba da sanarwar gasa don wasan opera guda ɗaya, Mascagni ya tambayi abokinsa G. Torgioni-Tozzetti ya rubuta libretto bisa ga G. Verga na wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa na Rural Honor. An shirya wasan opera a cikin watanni 2. Duk da haka, da rashin bege na lashe, Mascagni bai aika da "kwakwalwa" zuwa gasar. An yi haka, a asirce daga mijinta, da matarsa. Rural Honor ya samu lambar yabo ta farko, kuma mawakin ya samu tallafin karatu duk wata na tsawon shekaru 2. Shirye-shiryen wasan opera a Roma a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 1890 ya kasance babban nasara wanda mawaki ba shi da lokacin rattaba hannu kan kwangila.

Karramawar Karkara ta Mascagni ta nuna farkon verismo, sabuwar hanyar aiki. Verism ya yi amfani da waɗancan hanyoyin fasahar fasaha waɗanda suka haifar da tasirin ƙarar magana mai ban mamaki, buɗe ido, tsirara, da kuma ba da gudummawa ga yanayin rayuwar talakawan birni da karkara. Don ƙirƙirar yanayi na yanayi na tauye yanayi, Mascagni a karon farko a cikin wasan opera ya yi amfani da abin da ake kira "aria of the cream" - tare da waƙar da aka kwato har zuwa kuka, tare da ƙaƙƙarfan juzu'i ta ƙungiyar mawaƙa na muryar murya a A cikin 1891, an yi wasan opera a La Scala, kuma an ce G. Verdi ya ce: "Yanzu zan iya mutuwa cikin salama - akwai wanda zai ci gaba da rayuwar opera ta Italiya." Don girmama Mascagni, an ba da lambobin yabo da yawa, sarkin da kansa ya ba wa mawaƙa da lakabin girmamawa na "Chevalier na Crown". An sa ran sabbin operas daga Mascagni. Duk da haka, babu wani daga cikin goma sha huɗu na gaba da ya tashi zuwa matakin "Rustic Honor". Saboda haka, a cikin La Scala a 1895, da m bala'i "William Ratcliffe" aka shirya - bayan goma sha biyu wasanni, ta ingloriously bar mataki. A wannan shekarar, farkon wasan opera Silvano ya gaza. A 1901, a Milan, Rome, Turin, Venice, Genoa da Verona, a wannan maraice a ranar 17 ga Janairu, opera na farko na opera "Masks" ya faru, amma opera, ana tallata shi sosai, ga tsoro na mawaki. aka yi masa ihu a wannan maraice a duk biranen nan. Ko da halartar E. Caruso da A. Toscanini bai cece ta a La Scala ba. “Shi ne,” in ji mawaƙin Italiyanci A. Negri, “ gazawa mafi ban mamaki a cikin tarihin wasan opera na Italiya.” An yi wasannin operas mafi nasara a mawaƙin a La Scala (Parisina – 1913, Nero – 1935) da kuma a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Costanzi a Roma (Iris – 1898, Little Marat – 1921). Baya ga wasan operas, Mascagni ya rubuta operettas ("Sarki a Naples" - 1885, "Ee!" - 1919), yana aiki don ƙungiyar kade-kade na kade-kade, kiɗa don fina-finai, da ayyukan murya. A cikin 1900, Mascagni ya zo Rasha tare da kide-kide kuma yayi magana game da yanayin wasan opera na zamani kuma ya sami karbuwa sosai.

Rayuwar mawakin ta ƙare a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX, amma sunansa ya kasance tare da ƙwararrun opera na Italiya na ƙarshen ƙarni na XNUMX.

M. Dvorkina

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

wasan kwaikwayo - Rural Honor (Gavalleria rusticana, 1890, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Aboki Fritz (L'amico Fritz, babu wani wasa mai suna E. Erkman da A. Shatrian, 1891, ibid.), Brothers Rantzau (I Rantzau, bayan wasan kwaikwayo na wannan sunan da Erkman da Shatrian, 1892, Pergola Theater, Florence), William Ratcliff (dangane da ban mamaki ballad da G. Heine, fassara ta A. Maffei, 1895, La Scala gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Milan), Silvano (1895, akwai guda). ), Zanetto (dangane da wasan Passerby na P. Coppe, 1696, Rossini Theatre, Pesaro), Iris (1898, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Masks (Le Maschere, 1901, La Scala Theater kuma akwai ", Milan), Amika (Amisa, 1905, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Casino, Monte Carlo), Isabeau (1911, Coliseo Theatre, Buenos Aires), Parisina (1913, La Scala Theater, Milan), Lark (Lodoletta, dangane da littafin The Wooden Shoes na De la Rama). , 1917, Costanzi Theater, Rome), Little Marat (Il piccolo Marat, 1921, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Nero (dangane da wasan kwaikwayo na wannan sunan ta P. Cossa, 1935, wasan kwaikwayo "La Scala", Milan); operetta - Sarki a Naples (Il re a Napoli, 1885, Municipal Theatre, Cremona), Ee! (Si!, 1919, Quirino Theater, Rome), Pinotta (1932, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Casino, San Remo); ayyukan kade-kade, muryar murya da ayyukan ban dariya, kiɗan fina-finai, da sauransu.