Fyodor Volkov |

Fyodor Volkov

Rasha actor da kuma darektan, dauke da wanda ya kafa na farko da jama'a ƙwararrun wasan kwaikwayo a Rasha.

An haifi Fedor Volkov a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1729 a Kostroma, kuma ya mutu ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1763 a Moscow daga rashin lafiya. Mahaifinsa ɗan kasuwa ne daga Kostroma, wanda ya mutu tun yana ƙarami. A 1735, mahaifiyarsa ta auri dan kasuwa Polushnikov, wanda ya zama uban kula da Fyodor. Lokacin da Fedor ya kasance shekaru 12, an aika shi zuwa Moscow don nazarin kasuwancin masana'antu. A wurin saurayin ya koyi yaren Jamusanci, wanda daga baya ya ƙware sosai. Sa'an nan ya zama sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo wasan kwaikwayo na dalibai na Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Novikov ya yi magana game da wannan saurayi a matsayin ɗalibi na musamman mai himma da ƙwazo, musamman mai son ilimin kimiyya da fasaha: "Ya kasance mai sha'awar… ga ilimin kimiyya da fasaha."

A cikin 1746, Volkov ya zo St. Petersburg a kan kasuwanci, amma bai bar sha'awarsa ba. Musamman ma sun ce ziyarar da ya kai gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kotun ya yi matukar burge shi ta yadda a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa matashin ya fara karatun wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo. A shekara ta 1748, mahaifin Fyodor ya mutu, kuma ya gaji masana'antu, amma ran saurayin ya fi kwanciya a fagen fasaha fiye da yadda ake gudanar da masana'antu, kuma nan da nan Fyodor ya mika dukkan al'amura ga ɗan'uwansa, ya yanke shawarar sadaukar da kansa ga wasan kwaikwayo. ayyuka.

A cikin Yaroslavl, ya tara abokai a kusa da shi - masoya na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, kuma nan da nan wannan ƙungiya ta kafa ta ba da wasan kwaikwayo na farko. An fara wasan ne a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1750 a cikin tsohuwar sito da ɗan kasuwa Polushkin ya yi amfani da shi azaman sito. Volkov ya shirya wasan kwaikwayon "Esther" a cikin fassararsa. A shekara mai zuwa, an gina gidan wasan kwaikwayo na katako a kan bankunan Volga, wanda ke da ƙungiyar Volkov. Haihuwar sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayo alama ce ta samar da wasan kwaikwayo ta AP Sumarokov "Khorev". A cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Volkov, ban da kansa, 'yan'uwansa Grigory da Gavrila, "malaman" Ivan Ikonnikov da Yakov Popov, "Churchman" Ivan Dmitrevsky, da "peepers" Semyon Kuklin da Alexei Popov, wanzami Yakov Shumsky, da mazauna garin Semyon Skachkov. kuma Demyan Galik ya buga . Lallai shi ne gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko na jama'a a Rasha.

Jita-jita game da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Volkov ya isa St. , da kuma wanda har yanzu suke bukata don wannan, kawo wa St. Ba da da ewa Volkov da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo sun buga wasan kwaikwayo a St. Repertoire sun hada da: bala'i na AP Sumarokov "Khorev", "Sinav da Truvor", kazalika da "Hamlet".

A shekara ta 1756, an kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha don gabatar da bala'i da wasan kwaikwayo. Ta haka ne aka fara tarihin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Imperial a Rasha. Fyodor Volkov aka nada "na farko Rasha actor", da kuma Alexander Sumarokov zama darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo (Volkov dauki wannan matsayi a 1761).

Fedor Volkov ba kawai actor da kuma fassara, amma kuma marubucin da dama plays. Daga cikinsu akwai "Kotun Shemyakin", "Kowane Yeremey Ya Fahimci Kanku", "Nishaɗi na Mazaunan Moscow game da Maslenitsa" da sauransu - dukansu, da rashin alheri, ba a kiyaye su ba har yau. Volkov kuma ya rubuta m odes, daya daga wanda aka sadaukar ga Peter Great, songs (akwai "Kuna wucewa ta cell, masoyi" game da tilasta tonsured sufi da kuma "Bari mu zama, ɗan'uwa, raira wani tsohon song, yadda mutane suka rayu. a ƙarni na farko” game da zamanin Golden Age da ya shige). Bugu da ƙari, Volkov ya shiga cikin zane-zane na ayyukansa - duka na fasaha da na kiɗa. Kuma shi da kansa ya buga kayan kida iri-iri.

Matsayin Volkov a cikin juyin mulkin da ya kawo Empress Catherine Mai Girma kan karagar Rasha abu ne mai ban mamaki. Akwai sanannen rikici tsakanin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da Peter III, wanda ya ƙi ayyukan Volkov a matsayin mawaki da darektan wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Oranienbaum. Sa'an nan Bitrus ya kasance har yanzu Grand Duke, amma dangantakar, a fili, ta lalace har abada. Lokacin da Catherine ta zama sarki, an ba Fyodor Volkov damar shiga ofishinta ba tare da wani rahoto ba, wanda, ba shakka, ya yi magana game da halin musamman na Empress ga "dan wasan Rasha na farko."

Fedor Volkov ya nuna kansa a matsayin darektan. A musamman, shi ne wanda ya gudanar da "Triumphant Minerva" masquerade shirya a Moscow a 1763 domin girmama nadin sarautar Catherine II. Tabbas, ba a zabi hoton ba kwatsam. Allolin hikima da adalci, majiɓincin kimiyya, zane-zane da sana'o'i sun zama mai martaba kanta. A cikin wannan samarwa, Fyodor Volkov ya gane mafarkinsa na zamanin zinare, wanda aka kawar da munanan dabi'u kuma al'adu suna bunƙasa.

Koyaya, wannan aikin shine na ƙarshe. Masquerade ya yi kwanaki 3 a cikin tsananin sanyi. Fedor Grigoryevich Volkov, wanda ya shiga cikin halinsa, ya kamu da rashin lafiya kuma ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1763.